19th Century Political-Social Movements

Vocabulary flashcards covering the political and social 'isms' of the 19th century as taught in Era 8 (Burgers en Stoommachines).

Nationalisme

Pride in the fatherland characterized by pride in own culture, background, symbols like flags, and a shared sense of the past and religion.

Extreem nationalisme

A form of nationalism that excludes other cultures or races based on the feeling that one's own culture is superior, leading to racism and wars.

Modern-imperialisme

The pursuit by European countries for the largest possible empire, primarily focused on Asia and Africa during the 19th century.

Conferentie van Berlijn

A historical meeting where European powers divided Africa, a key event in modern imperialism.

Superioriteitsdenken

The belief that Europeans could and were entitled to dominate Asians and Africans to bring civilization.

Abolitionisme

A movement fighting for the abolition of the slave trade and slavery, based on the Enlightenment ideals of freedom and equality.

Abraham Lincoln

The US President who abolished slavery in the North in $1864$ during the American Civil War.

Keti Koti

Meaning 'the chains broken,' a celebration of the abolition of slavery.

Liberalisme

A political movement focused on individual freedom, freedom of speech, religion, and the economy with minimal government interference.

Censuskiesrecht

A voting system where only the wealthiest citizens have the right to vote.

Johan Rudolph Thorbecke

A liberal statesman responsible for the new Dutch constitution of $1848$.

Parlementaire democratie

A system where power lies with an elected parliament ($1e$ and $2e$ chamber) rather than the king.

Socialisme

A movement that stands up for workers, seeking to achieve equality and a fairer distribution of wealth.

Karl Marx

A thinker who in $1848$ predicted a class struggle resulting in a revolution where workers would seize power and end private property.

Sociaal-democratie

A branch of socialism that aims to achieve equality and social laws peacefully through the parliamentary system.

Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis

The first socialist in the Dutch Tweede Kamer who led social democrats in the struggle for equality without violence.

Confessionalisme

A political ideology where governance is based on religious conviction, specifically Protestant and Catholic beliefs.

Abraham Kuyper

Founder of the ARP in $1879$, the first political party in the Netherlands.

Schoolstrijd

The conflict regarding the government financing of religious (special) education versus public education.

Verzuiling

The division of Dutch society from $1880$ to $1965$ into separate 'pillars' (Liberal, Socialist, Catholic, Protestant) with their own institutions.

Feminisme

The struggle for equal rights for women and female emancipation.

First wave of feminism

A period between $1870$ and $1920$ focused on obtaining voting rights and access to higher education for women.

Suffragettes

Action groups formed by women to fight for the right to vote.

Aletta Jacobs

A famous feminist and longtime chairperson of the Association for Women's Suffrage in the Netherlands.

Pacification of 1917

A political compromise that ended the school struggle by funding all schools and introduced universal male suffrage.