carbon
Organic molecules all contain the element
The carbon bonds allow the atoms to form a wide variety of simple and complex organic compounds, they can make single, double, and triple bonds, and they can form 4 other bonds
3 reasons why carbon is good for forming a wide variety of biological molecules
Fructose, Glucose, and Galactose
The three monosaccharides
Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
The three disaccharides
Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen
The three Polysaccharides
protein
an organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principle component of all cells
Peptide bonds
The bonds that hold amino acids together
polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids
Amino group and carboxyl group
What two functional groups can be found in proteins
Amino Acids
Monomer of proteins
Monosaccharides
Monomer of Carbohydrates
Fatty Acids and glycerol
Monomers of lipids
Nucleotide
Monomer of Nucleic Acid
Disaccharide
A sugar formed from two monosaccharides
Polysaccharide
A sugar formed from three or more monosaccharides
Macromolecule
A very large polymer
Functional group
A portion of a molecule that is active during a chemical reaction and that determines the properties of the molecule it belongs to
enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a reaction without being permanently changed or destroyed
Carbon and Hydrogen
What does every organic molecule have
Hydrolysis
When a compound breaks apart into two separate molecules and loses water
Condensation Reduction Reaction
When two molecules combine to form a compound and produce water. Also how monomers are joined to form polymers
Dehydration synthesis
Another name for condensation reduction reaction
Carbohydrate
What molecule is this
Carbohydrate
What type of molecule is a polysaccharide
Sugars
Another name for carbohydrates
2
Covalent bonds share ____ electrons
active site
Where the enzyme attaches to the substrate
nonpolar
Are lipids polar or nonpolar
insoluble
nonpolar means they are ______ in water
unsaturated
which fatty acids contain more than one double bond
saturated
which fatty acids contain only on double bond
C,H,O
Carbohydrates are composed of ____
C, H, O, and sometimes P
Lipids are composed of ______
C,H,O,N
Proteins are composed of ________
Nucleotides
DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides
Lock and Key Models
What explains how enzymes and substrates work
Carboxyl, Hydroxyl, Amino, Phosphate
4 Functional groups
COOH
carboxyl sturcture
OH
hydroxyl structure
NH2
Amino structure
PO4
Phosphate structure
C6H12O6
Basic molecular formula of Carbohydrates
a Glycerol and two fatty acids
What is a phospholipid made up of
Energy
When ATP loses a phosphate it releases what
substrate
The substance an enzyme works on
Pass on genetic information
what is the job of a nucleic acid
Amino Acid Structure
What is this called
Saturated fatty acid
What is this molecule
Unsaturated fatty acid
What is the molecule
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