Chapter 17
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Last updated 1:59 PM on 12/19/22
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25 Terms
1
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The Extent of Corporate and White-Collar Crime
David blott -settlements of residential school survivors
SNC-Lavalin -bribing for contracts
David Michaels -risky investments
Harvey Weinstein -rape over career
Beadmakers -price fixing
Andrew Wakefield -autism from vaccine
Babine Forest Products -sawmill explosion
SNC-Lavalin -bribing for contracts
David Michaels -risky investments
Harvey Weinstein -rape over career
Beadmakers -price fixing
Andrew Wakefield -autism from vaccine
Babine Forest Products -sawmill explosion
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Occupation, Organization, and Crime
occupational crime -personal gain
organizational crime -group gain (corporate)
corporate homicide -ignoring unsafe work conditions
organizational crime -group gain (corporate)
corporate homicide -ignoring unsafe work conditions
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Johns-Manville Corporation
asbestos poisoning
\-not told lung problems were due to asbestos
\-not told lung problems were due to asbestos
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Social Class and Crime
a competitive spirit
arrogance
a sense of entitlement
arrogance
a sense of entitlement
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WESTRAY: A DISASTER OF CRIMINAL PROPORTIONS
explosion of Westray coal mine
\-not an accident
\-26 minors died
\-not an accident
\-26 minors died
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White-Collar Crime and the Social Organization of Work
white-collar crime is positively related to class position
\-relatively low-status employees
\-blue-collar
\-relatively low-status employees
\-blue-collar
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Crime and the Corporation: Executive Disengagement
\n juristic persons -liable to the same laws as natural persons
Corporate power is relatively unchecked
executive disengagement -lower-level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions
\-executives cannot be legally expected to have complete control over their individual staff
Corporate power is relatively unchecked
executive disengagement -lower-level employees assume that executives are best left uninformed of certain decisions
\-executives cannot be legally expected to have complete control over their individual staff
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The Criminogenic Market Structure
economic market that is structured in such a way that it tends to produce criminal behaviour
\-high volume, low unit profit
\-high volume, low unit profit
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The Large Scale of Corporations
Access to corporate resources
the social organization of work itself is criminogenic
the social organization of work itself is criminogenic
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Corporate Accounting Scandals
senior executives with stock options
short term approach -raise both company profits and the stock price
short term approach -raise both company profits and the stock price
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The Collapse of Enron
$63 billion lost
pipeline company that delivered natural gas
\-natural gas, electricity, and pulp and paper
The company developed a culture of greed
\-several executives jailed
pipeline company that delivered natural gas
\-natural gas, electricity, and pulp and paper
The company developed a culture of greed
\-several executives jailed
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The Financial Collapse of 2008
prominent financial institutions in the United States and several other countries took on excessive risk and engaged in reckless lending practices
extractive capitalism -making profits > social responsibilities
sold mortgages in packs
US taxpayers were forced to bail out many of these companies because letting them go bankrupt could have destroyed the economy
\-Canadian remained stable
extractive capitalism -making profits > social responsibilities
sold mortgages in packs
US taxpayers were forced to bail out many of these companies because letting them go bankrupt could have destroyed the economy
\-Canadian remained stable
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Consumer-Safety Issues
manufacturers accountable for the safety of their products
Ford Pinto drivers -fuel tank design flaw that caused fires
counterfeit Colgate toothpaste -potentially harmful chemicals
Mattel toys -lead paint, design flaws
Ford Pinto drivers -fuel tank design flaw that caused fires
counterfeit Colgate toothpaste -potentially harmful chemicals
Mattel toys -lead paint, design flaws
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“Drug Dealers in Lab Coats”
opioid crisis -national health emergency
pharmaceutical industry
\-started with prescription painkillers
essentially in the business of prescribing high volumes of opioids to addicts
\-avoid withdrawal, cheap heroin, fentanyl
pharmaceutical industry
\-started with prescription painkillers
essentially in the business of prescribing high volumes of opioids to addicts
\-avoid withdrawal, cheap heroin, fentanyl
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Environmental Fraud—The Case of Volkswagen
“clean diesel” engine -environmentally friendly
installing software that was activated when the vehicles were being tested in a laboratory and that reduced emissions
\-35 times higher
installing software that was activated when the vehicles were being tested in a laboratory and that reduced emissions
\-35 times higher
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White-Collar Crime and Legal Sanctions
profit > safety
\-individual will not have to pay out of pocket
managers are shielded by the corporate structure
equality before the law -subjective
employers and managers are least likely to lose their jobs
\-fines most common
harsher sentencing rules did not lead to a reduction in corporate crime
integrated market enforcement teams (IMETs)- investigate stock market frauds
\-individual will not have to pay out of pocket
managers are shielded by the corporate structure
equality before the law -subjective
employers and managers are least likely to lose their jobs
\-fines most common
harsher sentencing rules did not lead to a reduction in corporate crime
integrated market enforcement teams (IMETs)- investigate stock market frauds
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Unprofessional Conduct and Malpractice
clergy -sexual abuse
15 members charged
residential schools -destroyed the lives
Cardinal Bernard Law -failed to act in many cases of sexual misconduct by priests
\-John Geoghan, accused of fondling or raping 150 children
\-Larry Nassar, gymnast medic, molesting 160 young women and girls
15 members charged
residential schools -destroyed the lives
Cardinal Bernard Law -failed to act in many cases of sexual misconduct by priests
\-John Geoghan, accused of fondling or raping 150 children
\-Larry Nassar, gymnast medic, molesting 160 young women and girls
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Investment and Securities Fraud
Earl Jones -investment adviser
\-defrauded clients of over $50 million
Ponzi scheme -old investors are paid with the funds invested by new investors
insider trading -information not available to the general public
pump and dump -worthless company, invent a story about that company, then tell that story in order to get people to buy the stock
\-defrauded clients of over $50 million
Ponzi scheme -old investors are paid with the funds invested by new investors
insider trading -information not available to the general public
pump and dump -worthless company, invent a story about that company, then tell that story in order to get people to buy the stock
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BRE-X: THE ANATOMY OF A STOCK FRAUD
gold mine in Indonesia
salted -scattering gold
Nobody will ever be punished for the Bre-X fiasco
Sino-Forest -no timber…
salted -scattering gold
Nobody will ever be punished for the Bre-X fiasco
Sino-Forest -no timber…
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The Justice System: Wrongful Convictions
tunnel vision -focused on only one suspect and thus failed to properly investigate the crime or to adequately assess evidence
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Tax Fraud
Billions of dollars
failure to pay GST/HST costs us nearly $5 billion per year
total tax gap could be as high as $47.8 billion per year
failure to pay GST/HST costs us nearly $5 billion per year
total tax gap could be as high as $47.8 billion per year
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DR. CHARLES SMITH: WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS
forensic child pathologist
Smith had made serious errors in almost half the 45 child autopsies
\-assumed accused was guilty
\-technique was sloppy
\-lacked knowledge of forensic pathology
\-behaved in an unprofessional manner
Smith had made serious errors in almost half the 45 child autopsies
\-assumed accused was guilty
\-technique was sloppy
\-lacked knowledge of forensic pathology
\-behaved in an unprofessional manner
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Political Corruption
Sponsorship Scandal -over $150 million
Several of the executives who received this money subsequently made large donations to the Liberal Party
\-companies had done nothing to earn the money
Several of the executives who received this money subsequently made large donations to the Liberal Party
\-companies had done nothing to earn the money
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Blue-Collar Crime
\n occupational crime more useful
Menzies -mechanic disable one of the spark plugs
\-$20 repair, told up to $648
\
Menzies -mechanic disable one of the spark plugs
\-$20 repair, told up to $648
\
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Employee Fraud
25 percent of the Canadian workforce reported either having committed fraud against their employer or witnessing someone committing fraud during the previous year
$1.3 billion to employee theft
$1.3 billion to employee theft