Unit 5: Membranes and Transport

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Cell wall

Cell wall

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

Cell membrane

thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Nucleus

Control center of the cell, surrounded by a membrane

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are found

Phospholipid bilayer

two layers of molecules that surround the cell

Selectively permeable membrane

the membrane around the cell that allows some materials to pass through more easily than others and blocks the passage of some materials completely

Passive transport

The type of transport that does NOT require energy

Equilibrium

the concentration of substances is equal on both sides of the membrane.

Diffusion

movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Hypotonic solution

having a LOWER amount of solute than another solution

Hypertonic solution

having a HIGHER amount of solute than another solution

Isotonic solution

having the same amount of solute as another solution

Facilitated diffusion

Medium sized molecules, such as sugar or salt, move from high concentration to low concentration during:

Active transport

the movement of materials from where they are in low concentration to where they are in high concentration

Exocytosis

the forming a vesicle around a substance to remove it from the cell

Endocytosis

the forming a vesicle around a substance to bring it in the cell