Studied by 61 PeopleTags & Description
Information Technology (IT)
consists of all hardware and software that a firm needs to perform business operations
Systems
series of interrelated components working together to perform a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an an organized transformation process
Information System
collects
Information System
made up of data
Data
raw facts
Information
processed & organized facts that have value
Knowledge
The awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful
Input
goes into the process
Process
A series of logical actions or tasks taken to achieve an outcome
Output
what comes out of process
Feedback
items/concepts that serve as input to processes of the system in order to adapt or improve
Control
stop-gap measures to regulate the system
Business Process
a set of activities and transactions that an organization conducts on a regular basis in order to achieve its objectives
3 areas of business
*Transaction Processing System *Decision Support System *Executive Support System
Transaction Processing System (TPS)
computerized system that performs and records the daily transactions needed to conduct business
Decision Support System (DSS)
computerized system that focuses on problems that are unique and rapidly changing
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
helps senior management make decisions & uses DDS
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
helps integrate the different business processes (accounting
Programmer
technical specialists who create the software
System analysts
elicit information from clients to understand the business needs of the company
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Senior manger who oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives
Chief Security Officer (CSO)
Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems
Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)
Responsible for the data policies of an organization
End-users (business-users)
people that make use of the IT resources in an org
Major Roles in an Organization
*Supporting Customer Interactions *Collaborating on Teams *Improving Individual Productivity *Making Decisions *Managing Operations *Gaining Competitive Advantage
Categories of IS based on Organizational Levels
*Enterprise System *Supply Chain Management System *Customer Relationship Management System *Knowledge Management System
Enterprise Systems
internal business processes compressed into a single software system to create a seamless flow of information throughout organization
Supply Chain Management Systems
to produce efficiency when sourcing products
Customer Relationship Management Systems
provides information that aims to satisfy and maintain happy customers
Knowledge Management Systems
collect relevant knowledge and experience and make it accessible to all
Porter's 5 Forces
identifies 5 competitive forces that affects how long a business can remain competitive and profitable
Porter's 5 Forces
*Bargaining power of buyers *Bargaining power of suppliers *Threat of new entrants *Threat of substitute products *Rivalry among competitors
Organization
stable
Organization
collection of rights
Features of Organizations
*Routines and business processes *Organizational politics *Organization culture *Organization environment *Organization structure
Routines and business processes
develops routines for producing goods and services
Organizational Politics
a variety of activities associated with the use of influence tactics to improve personal or organizational interests
Organization Culture
unassailable
Organization Environment
where org sources it resources
needs to be scanned due to constant change
Org Structure
*Entrepreneurial Structure *Machine Bureaucracy *Divisionalized Bureaucracy *Professionalized Bureaucracy *Adhocracy
Entrepreneurial Structure
small startups with simple structure
managed by entrepreneur
Machine Bureaucracy
mid-sized bureaucracy that produces products
dominated by central management
Divisionalized Bureaucracy
combination of multiple machine bureaucracies which is centralized by a HQ
Professionalized Bureaucracy
*knowledge-based *usually law firms *weak centralized authority
Adhocracy
large group of specialists
weak central management
PADIM
*Problem *Analyze *Design *Implement *Maintenance
Impacts of an IS
transaction cost reduction *internal costs reduction *flattens an organization
Organization's aspirations
comprised of mission
Mission Statement
why we exist
indicates key goals and performance objectives
Vision Statement
what future we want to create
ideal end state
Values
what is important to us
Personal Aspirations
personal goal that is enduring and based on deep motivation
Elements of a vision
*Customers *Products / Services *Market *Technology *Survival / Profitability *Philosophy *Self Concept *Public Image *Career for Employees *Nation Building
Primary Activities
*Inbound Logistics *Operations *Outbound Logistics *Marketing and sales *Services
Inbound Logistics
receiving
Operations
transforming inputs into the final product form
Outbound Logistics
collecting
Marketing and Sales
providing a means by which buyers can purchase the product and inducing them to do so
Service
installation
Support Activities
*Procurement *Technology Development *Human Resource Management *Firm Infrastructure
Procurement
function of purchasing inputs used in the firm's value chain - such as raw materials
Technology Development
know-how
Human Resource Management
recruiting
Firm Infrastructure
general management
SWOT Analysis
Helps in understanding the Strengths Weaknesses (Internal) & Opportunities Threats (External)
Strengths
*What does the company do well *What advantages does a company have? *What do you do better than anyone else?
Weakness
*What can the company improve on? *What should be avoided?
Opportunities
*What can the company benefit from? *What trends can you take advantage of?
Threats
*What could threaten the company's standing? *What obstacles do you face? *What are your competitors doing? Is changing technology threatening your position?
IT Infrastructure
*a set of physical devices and software applications required to keep a business running *it also includes the set of firmware services budgeted by management and composed of both technical and human capabilities *supports the firm's business and information systems strategy
examples of IT intrastructures
*telecommunications *learning management system (LMS)
telecommunications
ex: globe and smart
learning management system (LMS)
ex: skillshare
evolution of IT infrastructure
*general mainframe and mini computer era (1959) *personal computer era (1981) *client/server era (1983) *enterprise computing era (1993) *cloud and mobile computing (2000)
general mainframe and minicomputer era (1959)
*mainframe: a centralized computer under control of programmers and system operations *maincomputers: powerful machines at lower cost vs IBM mainframes
mainframe
*in 1952
can do very large/ complicated tasks
minicomputers
*1965 *produced by Digital Equipment Corporation *enabled decentralized computing possible