Samuel Joung Chapter 7 : Myology

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114 Terms

1

How many muscles are in the body?

650 skeletal muscles

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2

What are the two general characteristics of muscles?

The have action potential and can contract.

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3

What does excitability mean?

The ability to generate electrical impulses.

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4

What does contractility mean?

The ability to shorten in length.

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5

What are the only two cells in the body that exhibit excitability?

Nerve cells and muscle cells.

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6

What are the three functions of the muscles?

Voluntary movement, maintaining body posture, and heat production.

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7

What is the tendon of origin commonly called?

The head or ‘ceps’.

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8

What does the tendon of origin connect to?

Usually to a less-movable structure.

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9

What is the tendon of insertion commonly called?

The ‘tail’.

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10

What does the tendon of insertion connect to?

To a more movable structure.

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11

What are the three layers of fascia?

Epimysium, perimysium and endomysium.

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12

What does a somatic motor unit consist of?

The spinal cord, motor neurons and muscle fibers, with a neuromuscular junction.

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13

What are proprioceptors?

Sensory neurons that supply muscles.

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14

What is an agonist?

Muscle that causes the desired action.

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15

What is a synergist muscle?

Muscle that act with an agonist.

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16

What is an antagonist muscle?

Muscles that relaxes / causes the opposite action of an agonist.

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17

What is a fixator or stabilizer?

Muscle that stabilizes the body / decreases unnecessary movement.

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18

What are the characteristics of muscles that are used in maximal training?

Larger muscles, faster rate of contraction, higher power, mimal storage of oxygen, generally a more ‘white’ color.

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19

What are characteristics of muscles used in sub-maximal training?

Smaller muscles, with a slower rate of contraction, higher endurance, and a more ‘red’ coloration from having more blood.

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20

What is muscle agenesis?

Congenital failure of muscle development.

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21

What is a hernia?

Protrusion of the abdominal viscera through a weakened area.

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22

What are some factors that cause hernias?

A birth defect, lifting heavy weight, coughing/defections.

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23

What is the Valsalva maneuver?

Contracting the abdominal muscles, changing the internal pressure.

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24

Define hypertrophy.

Lots of growth.

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25

Define atrophy.

Lack of growth.

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26

What is myositis

Inflammation of the muscles from a microbial infection / physical trauma.

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27

How do you treat myositis?

Cold compress for 24 hours, then heat, massage, and rest after.

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28

What are muscle spasms?

Involuntary contractions caused by physical trauma , muscular ischemia, hypothermia, or poor posture.

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29

What are cramps?

Persistent sustained spasms.

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30

What is a colonus?

Intermittent spasms.

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31

What is tetanus?

Also called lock-jaw. Progressive degeneration of muscle tissue and fibrosis.

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32

What are convulsions?

Involuntary contractions.

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33

Where are smooth muscles located?

In internal organs

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34

Frontalis

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

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35

Orbicularis Oculi

Closes the eyelids

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36

Orbicularis Oris

Puckers the lips

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37

Buccinator

Compresses the cheek

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38

Platysma

Pulls lower lip and jaw downwards

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39

Zygomaticus

Smiling

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40

Superior Rectus

Elevates eye

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41

Inferior Rectus

Depresses eye

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42

Medial Rectus

Rotates eye medially

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43

Lateral Rectus

Rotates eye

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44

Temporalis

Elevates mandible, closes the jaw.

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45

Masseter

Elevates mandible, cleanches the teeth.

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46

Genioglossus

Sticks tongue in

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47

Styloglossus

Pulls tongue in

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48

What are the general characteristics of facial muscles?

All superficial muscles, and all innervated by the facial nerve

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49

What nerve innervates the facial muscles?

The facial nerve

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50

What is the action of the frontalis?

Raises eyebrows; wrinkles forehead

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51

What muscle closes the eyelids?

Orbicularis oculi

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52

What muscle is responsible for squinting, winking, blinking?

Orbicularis oris

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53

What muscle puckers the lips?

Buccinator

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54

What muscle compresses the cheeks?

Buccinator

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55

What muscle pulls the lower lip downward?

Platysma6

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56

What is Bell’s Palsy?

Unilateral paralysis of the facial nerve, often from inflammation

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57

How many muscles move the eye?

6

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58

What muscles elevates the mandible?

Temporalis / Masseter

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59

What nerve innervates the tongue?

Trigeminal nerve

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60

What are the two characteristics of the muscles of the vertebral column.

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61

What are prevertebral muscles responsible for?

Flexion of the spine

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62

Sternocleidomastoid.

Sternum, Clavicle, and Mastoid

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63

External oblique

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64

Internal oblique

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65

Transversus abdominus

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66

Rectus abdomiunus

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67

Quadratus lumborum

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68

Iliopsoas

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69

Why is the iliopsoas

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70

What are post vertebral muscles responsible for?

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71

Splenius

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72

What are the three muscles of the erector spinae?

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73

Trapezius

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74

What are the three parts of the trapezius?

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75

Rhomboideus

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76

Serratus Anterior

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77

What does abduct mean?

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78

Deltoid

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79

Supraspinatus

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80

What does supinate mean?

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81

Biceps Brachii

Both heads originate on the scapula. Inserts in the radial tuberosity of the radius. Flexes the forearm, supinates the hand.

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82

Brachialis

Originates in the distal end of the humerus. Inserts in the coronoid process of they lna. Flexes the forearm.

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83

Brachioradialis

Originates in the distal end of the humerus. Inserts in the styloid process of the radius. Flexes the forearm.

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84

Triceps Brachii

Has 3 heads of origin. The long head: scapula; the lateral & medial heads: humerus.Inserts at the olecranon process of the ulna. Extends the forearm.

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85

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexes and abducts the hand. (the thumb)

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86

Palmaris Longus

Abducts the hand (the middle fingers)

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87

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Abducts the hand (the pinky finger)

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88

Pronator Teres

Pronates the hand (moves the palm facing down)

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89

Extensor Carpi Radialis

Extends and abducts the hand

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90

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extends and abducts the hand

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91

Thennar Eminence

Strength, gripping, grasping

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92

Levator Ani

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93

Bulbocavernosus

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94

Tensor Fascia Lata

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95

Gluteus Maximus

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96

Quadiceps Femoris

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97

Rectus Femoris

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98

Vastus Lateralis

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99

Vastus Medialus

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100

Vastus Medialis

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