Mendelian Genetics lecture 20 pt 2 - Monohybrid Crosses

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a lecture on Mendelian genetics and monohybrid crosses.

Mendel's First Law

Law of Equal Segregation: defining underlying principles of heredity.

Blending Theory of Inheritance

The idea that traits mix, like blue and yellow making green.

Particulate Theory of Heredity

Mendel's finding that traits are passed down as distinct units.

Monohybrid Cross

A cross involving one gene with two different traits.

True Breeding

Homozygous parents that consistently produce offspring with the same traits.

F1 Generation

The first filial generation, offspring of the parent generation.

F2 Generation

The second filial generation, offspring of the F1 generation.

Heritable Factors

Distinct units that determine traits (now known as alleles).

Diploid

Having two copies of each factor or allele.

Dominant Allele

An allele that masks the effect of the recessive allele.

Allele Segregation

The separation of alleles during gamete formation.

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Three to One Phenotype Ratio

The observed ratio of traits in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross.

Law of Allele Segregation

The two alleles of a gene segregate from one another during gamete formation.

Anaphase I

The stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes separate, resulting in allele segregation.