DNA Replication and RNA Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the DNA replication process and the function of RNA in cellular activities.

Replication

The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division.

Helicase

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.

Single Stranded Binding Proteins (SSB)

Proteins that attach to single-stranded DNA to prevent secondary structures from forming.

Okazaki Fragments

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Primase

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers needed for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis.

DNA Polymerase

An enzyme responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides.

Exonuclease Activity

The ability of DNA polymerase to remove nucleotides from the ends of DNA strands to correct errors.

Proofreading

The process by which DNA polymerase checks and corrects incorrectly paired nucleotides.

Telomerase

An enzyme that extends the telomeres of chromosomes to prevent shortening during replication.

Mismatched Repair

A system within cells that corrects errors made during DNA replication.

Nucleotides

Building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Ribozymes

Catalytic RNA molecules that can perform enzymatic functions.

Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS)

Sequences in the DNA that allow for the initiation of replication.

Contaminated Linear Chromosomes

Chromosomes that may fail to replicate completely, leading to issues such as cell aging.

Replication Fork

The area where the DNA helix unwinds and separates during replication.