unit 4: government revenue, taxation

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Last updated 8:37 AM on 5/25/26
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15 Terms

1
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personal income tax

  • tax imposed on (đánh thuế, áp thuế) people’s wages and salaries

  • thuế thu nhập cá nhân

  • Under Vietname’s New ….. (PIT) Law, tax residents are subbject to (phải chịu) progressive tax rates (5% to 35%) on worldwide employment income.

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sales tax

  • levied on (đánh thuế, áp thuế) the sale of goods and services that is usually calculated as a percentage of the purchase price and collected by the seller

  • thuế bán hàng - khoản thuế được cộng vào giá của hàng hóa hoặc dịch vụ khi bán

  • In Vietnam, people more commonly use VAT instead of ‘‘…..’’

3
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fiscal policy

  • government policy related to taxation and public spending to influence the economy

  • Main types: Expansionary policy and Contractionary Policy

  • Core tools: Government spending, Taxation

  • chính sách tài khóa - chính sách của chính phủ về thuế và chi tiêu công nhằm điều tiết nền kinh tế

  • A sound …. aimed at reducing deficits in a sustainable way is necessary to growth and job creation

4
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regressive tax

  • A levy (áp thuế) that takes a larger percentage of income from low-income earners than from high-income earners

  • Thuế lũy thoái

  • Thuế suất giảm dần khi thu nhập tăng (hoặc áp dụng mức thuế cố định)

  • Người có thu nhập thấp đóng tỷ lệ % thu nhập cao hơn

5
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excise tax

  • a tax imposed on specific goods such as alcohol, tobacco, gasoline, or luxuly products

  • thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt

  • Cigarattes are subject to excise tax

6
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estate tax

  • a tax imposed on the transfer of a deceased person’s property or assets to heirs.

  • thuế di sản/ thuế thừa kế tài sản

  • Additional sources of tax revenue consist of excise tax, estate tax, and other taxes and fees

7
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fees

  • Amounts of money paid for services, permissions, or official processes.

  • Phí / Lệ phí

  • “Students must pay school fees

8
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tariffs

  • Taxes imposed by a government on imported (sometimes exported) goods.

  • Thuế quan / Thuế nhập khẩu

  • The country increased tariffs on foreign steel

9
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tax shelter

  • A legal method or financial arrangement used to reduce or avoid paying taxes.

  • Nơi trú ẩn thuế / Biện pháp giảm thuế hợp pháp

  • Some investors use real estate as a tax shelte

10
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tax deduction

  • An amount of money that can be subtracted from a person’s or company’s taxable income, reducing the tax they must pay.

  • Khoản khấu trừ thuế / Giảm trừ thuế — khoản tiền được trừ khỏi thu nhập chịu thuế để giảm số thuế phải nộp.

  • Charitable donations may qualify for a tax deduction.”

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tax expense

  • The total amount of tax that a person or company must pay during a certain period.

  • Chi phí thuế — tổng số tiền thuế mà cá nhân hoặc doanh nghiệp phải trả trong một khoảng thời gian.

  • By bring forward capital expenditure, a company can decrease year-end taxable income and therefore decrease its….

12
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payroll tax

  • A tax paid on employees’ wages or salaries, usually deducted by employers to fund government programs.

  • Thuế tiền lương - loại thuế đánh trên tiền lương của người lao động, thường do doanh nghiệp khấu trừ để đóng cho các chương trình của chính phủ.

  • The tax people pay on their wages and salaries is called …

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progressive

  • a tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes

  • thuế lũy tiến

  • thuế suất tăng dần khi thu nhập tăng

  • người có thu nhập cao hơn đóng tỷ lệ % cao hơn

  • phân phối lại thu nhập, khoảng cách giàu nghèo

14
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indirect tax

  • a tax: you pay it when buying goods or services, the shop/company collects the tax and gives it to the government

  • thuế gián thu

  • A tax paid on luxury goods, sales transactions, imports, and so on is an ….

  • Gánh nặng thuế nghiêng về phía người mua( Edp > 1)

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captain gain tax

  • A tax on the profit earned from selling assets such as stocks, property, or investments

  • Thuế lãi vốn / Thuế đánh trên lợi nhuận từ chuyển nhượng tài sản.

  • Investors must pay captial gains tax on investment profits