Schizophrenia and Other Primary Psychotic Disorders

What are the five key symptom types of Schizophrenia (ICD-11)?

≥2 symptoms must be present, with ≥1 from (a-d): a) Persistent delusions; b) Persistent hallucinations; c) Disorganized thinking; d) Experiences of influence, passivity, or control. e) Negative symptoms; f) Grossly disorganized behavior; g) Psychomotor disturbances (catatonia)

Define Catatonia and name a unique symptom.

A syndrome of psychomotor disturbances. Unique symptoms include Catalepsy (holding a posed position) , Waxy flexibility (limbs bend like a warm candle after slight resistance) , and Stupor (awake but unresponsive)

Explain the Stress-Vulnerability Model of schizophrenia development.

Schizophrenia is caused by a psychobiological vulnerability (genetic/early environment). The onset/course is then determined by biological (e.g., substance abuse) and psychosocial factors (e.g., stress, high interpersonal stress) that impinge on the vulnerability, precipitating relapses/impairments

What is the first line of treatment for Schizophrenia?

Pharmacotherapy: Antipsychotic medication (with monitoring). Psychosocial: Coordinated specialty care (for first episode), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp), psychoeducation, and supported employment

What is a Token Economy?

A method based on systematic reinforcement where appropriate behaviors are rewarded with tokens/points that can be exchanged for valued items or activities.