1.1.1 - Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

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11 Terms

1

What are the two types of cells?

  • Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

  • Prokaryotic (bacteria)

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2

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

  • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes don’t.

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3

What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

peptidoglycan

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4

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Found free within the cytoplasm as:

  • Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)

  • Plasmid DNA

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5

What are plasmids?

  • Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.

  • Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance

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6

What is order of magnitude?

A power to the base 10 used to quantify and compare size

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7

What is a centimeter (cm) in meters?

1×10-2 meters

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8

What is a millimeter (mm) in meters?

1×10-3 meters

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9

What is a micrometer (μm)?

1×10-6 meters

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10

What is a nanometer (nm) in meters?

1×10-9 meters

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11

What is the difference in order of magnitude between a human hair (length = 100 μm) and the HIV virus (length = 100 nm)?

  • 100 μm = 10-4 m

  • 100 nm = 10-7 m

  • -4-(-7) = -4 + 7 = 3

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