1.1.1 - Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

What are the two types of cells?

What are the two types of cells?

• Eukaryotic (plant and animal)

• Prokaryotic (bacteria)

What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes don’t.

What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

peptidoglycan

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?

Found free within the cytoplasm as:

• Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)

• Plasmid DNA

What are plasmids?

• Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.

• Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance

What is order of magnitude?

A power to the base 10 used to quantify and compare size

What is a centimeter (cm) in meters?

1×10^-2 meters

What is a millimeter (mm) in meters?

1×10^-3 meters

What is a micrometer (μm)?

1×10^-6 meters

What is a nanometer (nm) in meters?

1×10^-9 meters

What is the difference in order of magnitude between a human hair (length = 100 μm) and the HIV virus (length = 100 nm)?

• 100 μm = 10^-4 m

• 100 nm = 10^-7 m

• -4-(-7) = -4 + 7 = 3