advanced latin 3 - unit 3 test review

topic 1: sequence of tenses

sequence of tenses

temporal relationship between the main verb and the subjunctive verb

• two types: primary and secondary

primary sequence of tense

• main verbs: present, future, future perfect

• subjunctive verb: present or perfect

• ex: Minerva sagittās arcumque Dīanae rapit ut inimīcum venētur.

• translation: Minerva takes Diana’s bows and arrows so that she may hunt her enermy

secondary sequence of tense

• main verb: imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect

• subjunctive verb: imperfect or pluperfect

• ex: Minerva cognōscere voluit quis amantem interfēcisset

• translation: Minerva wanted to discover who had killed her lover. (secondary sequence because “voluit” is a perfect indicative verb)

tenses of subjunctives

topic 2: independent uses of subjunctive verbs

jussive/hortatory

used to express a command or an exhortation

• ex: incendāmus urbem

• translation: let us burn the city.

optative

used to express wishes, uses the particle utinam

• ex: utinam nē cīvem malum interfēcissēs

• translation: if only you had not killed the bad citizen

potential

used to express an action that might possibly occur/something that the speaker may believe

• ex: Dicas eum hominem bonum esse.

• translation: You might say he is a good man.

deliberative

used to deliberate about something, often in a rhetorical question

• ex: quomodō Pōlla matrimōniō malō fugiat?

• translation: How shall Polla escape this wicked marriage?

topic 3: ancient roman marriage

pater familias

father of the family (of the bride and groom)

patria potestas

power of the father hled over his family

sponsus/sponsa

• sponsus: fiance, betrothed man

• sponsa: fiancee, betrothed woman

“cum manu” marriage

the control of the woman passes to her husband

“sine manu” marriage

the control of the woman is retained by her father

anulus

wedding ring

confarreatio

most formal, religious marriage; 10 witnesses

coemptio

mock sale marriage (“purchase” of the bride), 5 witnesses

usus

plebeian marriage (not considered legal marriage)

feliciter!

congratulations!

“ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia”

translated as “where are you, gaius, i am gaia”

• signified the bride's commitment to follow her husband

sponsalia

engagement or betrothal

hymenaeus

marriage hymn

nubere

term for women used to mean to marry - to veil oneself

in matronium ducere

term for men to mean to marry - lead into matrimony

tunica recta

bridal tunic - woven on upright loom

flammeum

saffron veil worn by bride

deductio

procession where husband takes the wife from the father’s house into his house

versus Fescennini

lewd verses sung/spoken to talassius (sabine god of marriage)

cena nuptialis

wedding feast

nodus Herculaneus

hercules knot; knot on bride’s dress only to be united by the husband

topic 4: vocabulary

certus, certa, certum

certain, infallible

prō certō habēre

know for certain

clam

secretly, in private

cōpiae, cōpiārum

forces

dextra, dextrae

right hand

ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptus

rescue, snatch away

familia, familiae

household

grātus, grāta, grātum

acceptable, pleasing

ignōrō, ignōrāre, ignōrāvī

not know about

iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctus

join

lēx, lēgis

law

līmen, līminis

threshold, doorway

nūbō, nūbere, nūpsī

marry

orior, orīrī, ortus sum

rise, arise

polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum

promise

prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitus

prevent

queror, querī, questus sum

lament, complain about

regō, regere, rēxī, rēctus

rule

vereor, verērī, veritus sum

be afraid, fear

vērō

indeed

virgō, virginis

virgin