Art Appreciation Final

Female figure from Willendorf

unknown

23,000 BCE

Limestone

ancient worlds

Female figure

less than 5 inches tall

fertility symbol, encourages pregnancy and childbirth

Queen Nefertiti

unknown

1345 BCE

painted limestone

ancient worlds

Egypt part of?

ancient mediterranean worlds

Nefertiti

regal headrest, elongated neck, elegance and timelessness

Aphrodite of melos

unknown

150 bce

marble

ancient worlds

Greece part of? Greek sculptors?

ancient mediterranean worlds

sculptors of the late classical period had begun admitting female nudes into the public realm, only as goddesses or mythological characters

Aphrodite of Melos pose

twisted pose which could be explained by the theory that her missing arms once held a shield. she would’ve been admiring her own reflection and draperies in a. mirror as she contemplated her beauty

Colosseum

unknown

72-80 ce

architecture

ancient worlds

Rome part of? romans best known for?

ancient mediterranean worlds

best known for architecture and engineering

Colosseum

large oval covering 6 acres

planned under emperor Vespasian and dedicated in 80 ce as an amphitheater for gladiatorial games and public entertainments

fit 50,000 spectators

Christ as pantokrator

unknown

1183

mosaic

Christianity and the formation of Europe

Byzantium

church and state were intertwined

art marries the luxurious splendor of a powerful earthly kingdom with images that focus on an eternal heavenly one

icon

a specific kind of image, either a portrait of a sacred person or a sacred event

Smell, from The lady and the Unicorn

unknown

late 15th century

wool and silk

Trinity (with the virgin, st John the evangelist, and donors)

masaccio

1425

fresco

renaissance translation

“rebirth”

Renaissance

the revival of interest in Ancient Greek and roman culture

humanists- believed that a sound education should include the study of liberal arts, not just church and christian writers

Trinity fresco

uses linear perspective to construct a deep convincing architectural space

triangle- head of the god the father, over dead Jesus, 2 donors on each side of the holy grouping

The birth of venus

sandro botticelli

1480

tempera on canvas

Botticelli work for who

Medici family in Florence

The birth of Venus painting

Venus is roman goddess of love and beauty, she was born from the sea

wind god zephyr and his wife blow her to shore, where figure representing spring waits to clothe her

such a large scale female nude had been basically unknown since classical times

Madonna and child with saint anne

da vinci

1503-06

oil on wood

high reniassance in Italy

1500-1520 most of the most famous works made

da vinci and Michelangelo most famous

triangular organization

Madonna and child

3 figures are a single unit bc same lineage

saint anne, mary, and christ

christ reaches for lamb> symbolic of his future sacrifice

sfumato

gentle light, Italian for smoke

da vinci’s specialty

layers of transparent glazes

david

michelangelo

1501-04

marble

David

biblical hero, was a young Hebrew shepherd that killed Goliath with a single stone from a slingshot

Michelangelo studied anatomy

interior, sistine chapel

michelangelo

1473-80

fresco

sistine chapel

Michelangelo called to Rome by pope Julius II

named after previous pope sixtus

painted to look like stone architecture

side depicts Old Testament prophets

middle depicts scenes of genesis, the creation of the world through the story of Noah and the flood

sistine chapel ceiling

michelangelo

1508-12

fresco

st teresa in ecstasy

bernini

1645-52

marble and gilt bronze

baroque

baroque era

17th century

full of emotion, energy, and movement

favoring ornamentation, rich colors, high contrast between light and dark, dramatic lighting

Judith and maidservant with the head of holofernes

gentileschi

1625

oil on canvas

judith and maidservant with head of Holofernes

took subject from biblical story judith

baroque devices heighten sense of danger

las meninas

velazquez

1656

oil on canvas

las meninas

king Phillip IV of Spain acquired velazquez

painting was a formal occasion but Velazquez gives it warm everyday feel

rococo

French for “rocks” and “shells”

gentle pastels, smaller in scale, lighthearted, playful, ornate, extravagant

more intimate than baroque

the pursuits, from the progress of love

fragonard

1771-73

oil on canvas

rococo

neoclassicism

clarity, order, restraint

looked to civilizations of Ancient Greece and rome

renewed interest in the classical past

encouraged patriotism, stoicism, self sacrifice, frugality

the death of marat

david

1793

oil on canvas

the oath of the horatii

David

1784-85

oil on canvas

revolution and neoclassicism

neoclassicism became official style of the revolution, Jacques Louis David is official artist

the death of Marat

Marat was the voice of the radical political faction called the jacobins

he was stabbed to death in his bathtub by a woman who supported the rival political group

David painted him as a martyr for the revolution

great stupa

unknown

3rd century bce- 1st century

architecture

great stupa

Siddhartha Gautama’s remains were put in eight memorial mounds

he strove to extinguish desire by cultivating non attachment, proposed the eightfold path of moral behavior

detail of east gate with yakshi, great stupa

unknown

3rd century-1st century

architecture

yakshi

nature spirit embodying fertility and abundance

Indian thought said women were able to cause trees to blossom, yakshi touches mango tree

showering blessings or abundance to people who enter site

guanyin

unknown

1100

painted wood

bodhisattva

highly enlightened being who delays their own final nirvana to help other sentient beings achieve enlightenment

guayin in guayin

the bodhisattva Guayin became the object of special affection in china, who was believed to reside high on a mountain and offer special protection to all who traveled the sea.

Guayin sits in a position called the pose of royal ease.

The great wave of kanagawa

hokusai

1830-32

woodblock print, ink and color on paper

the great wave of Kanagawa

second wave looks like Mount Fuji in background.

icon of Japanese art, known around the world 

inhabitants of the island Nuku hiva

unknown, original by Tilesius

1813

inhabitants of the island of Nuku hiva, tattoos

Marquesans tattooing

was considered sacred and preformed by a tukuka who invoked the protective presence of specific deities

designs were created with a bone tool like a small comb with sharp teeth dipped in ground charcoal

nearly all adult Marquesans had tattoos but only the wealthiest and most highly respected chiefs and warriors reached allover covering

hide painted with scenes of warfare

unknown

1880

hide and pigments

plains culture

nomadic, organized around the herds of buffalo

spanish colonists brought the horse and spread it through the 18th century

buffalo hides

clothing, shelter

surface for recording exploits as warriors

“Hide” is of Lakota vs crow

only a proven warrior could wear in battle

navajo zahadolzha masker

curtis

1907

photograph

the Navajo and their spirits

arrived in the southwest between 1200 and 1500 ce after a migration from alaska

called their spirits Yei, holy people

spirit masks would appear in a healing ceremony during which their powers had been invoked through a sand painting

things are looking native, native’s looking whiter

galanin

2012

digital print

, what ism

the women of algiers

delacroix

1834

oil on canvas

romanticism

the modern world

1800-1945

first art museum was the Louvre

debates about art and modernity began during the 19th century

romanticism

urged the claims of emotion, intuition, individual experience, and imagination

mysterious or awe inspiring landscapes, picturesque ruins, extreme of tumultuous  human events, the struggle for liberty, and scenes of exotic culture

realism

mid 19th century

any art which the goal is to portray forms in the natural world in a highly faithful manner

everyday people and event are fit subjects for important art

, what ism

luncheon on the grass

manet

1863

oil on canvas

realism

impressionism

started 1860s in france

opposite to academic art

portrayed daily life, leisure activities of middle class, landscapes

, what ism

autumn effect as argenteuil

monet

1873

oil on canvas

impressionism

, what ism

le moulin de la galette

renoir

1876

oil on canvas

impressionism

alla prima

impressionist technique which was put into the service of recording fleeting effects if nature and rapidly changing urban scene

post impressionism

rejecting the relative abundance of form characteristic of impressionism

, what ism

wheat field and cypress trees

van gogh

1889

oil on canvas

post impressionism

art nouveau

an international style of art architecture and design

1890s to 1910

rejection of historical imitation and embrace of organic flowing lines inspired by nature

, what movement

portrait of Adele Bloch Bauer (the woman in gold)

klimt

1907

oil and gold leaf on canvas

art nouveau

fauvism

short-lived but influential in France early 20th century

emphasized bold arbitrary expressive color

“fauves”

wild beasts

, what ism

the joy of life

matisse

1905-06

oil on canvas

fauvism

expressionism

early 20th century, prevalent in germany

distort visual appearances to express psychological or emotional states and artists feelings

art where artists subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation

, what ism

black lines no 189

kandinsky

1913

oil on canvas

expressionism

cubism

early 20th century

abstracted forms of the visible word into fragments drawn from multiple points of view then constructed an image from them which had its own internal logic

restricted palette: black, white, brown

short touches technique

les demoiselles d’Avignon

not Picassos title, was given later by a friend

refers to prositutes on Avignon street in barcelona

Picasso got Inso from Iberia and Africa

, what ism

les demoiselles d’avignon

picasso

1907

oil canvas

cubism

bauhaus and de stijl

create harmony between individual lives and modern industry and technology

Mondrian and trafalgar square

he distilled his art to what he considered to be the most universal signs of human order: vertical and horizontal lines, primary colors.

he thought of his canvases of places of stability and calmness

, what movement

trafalgar square

mondrian

1939-43

oil on canvas

bauhaus and de stijl

dada

International movement that emerged during ww1 (1914-1918)

refused to make sense or provide comfort. made anti art that emphasized absurdity, irrationality, whimsy, chance, irony, childishness

disrupted public complacency

ready mades

a work of art that the artist has not made but designated

duchamp

most famous dadaist

lots of ready mades

, what movement

fountain

duchamp

1917

ceramic compound

dada

surrealism

early 20th century

emphasized imagery from dreams and fantasies

, what ism

the persistence of memory

dali

1931

oil on canvas

surrealism

harlem renaissance

period following ww1 in America that saw the flowering of art dedicated to building a better society

merging": the rich heritage of Africa, the ugly legacy of slavery, and the realities of modern urban life

geometric symbolism

Aaron Douglas style in the Harlem renaissance

, what movement

from slavery through reconstruction

douglas

1934

oil on canvas

harlem renaissance

the New York school

painters associated with the first major postwar art movement, also known as abstract expressionists

action painting

the physical act of applying paint to a support in bold spontaneous gestures supples the expressive content

number 1,1949

pollock

1949

enamel and metallic paint on canvas

orange and yellow

rothko

1956

oil on canvas

color field painting

a style of nonrepresentational painting featuring broad fields or areas of color

it shared abstract expressionists fondness for large scale as well as its desire to transcend the visible world in favor of universal truths viewed as unconscious or spiritual

, what movement

gold Marilyn monroe

warhol

1962

silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas

popart