History summer exam - industrial revolution

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A period of rapid industrial change in Britain from around 1780 to 1850 involving the shift from hand production to machines and factories

What is urbanization?

The movement of people from rural areas to cities, leading to growing urban populations

What is child labor?

The employment of children in industries, often in harsh and unsafe conditions

Who is Emma Griffin?

A historian who studied how the Industrial Revolution affected the lives of men, women, and children

What happened during the rise of factories (1780 to 1850)?

Production moved from homes to factories, changing how people worked and lived

What happened in 1837 with transport?

The Leeds to Manchester Railway opened, improving movement of goods and workers

What were working conditions like during the Industrial Revolution?

Workers faced long hours, low pay, and dangerous environments

How did gender roles change during the Industrial Revolution?

Men gained factory jobs but women mostly remained in low

What was the issue with child labor?

Children worked long hours in dangerous jobs from a very young age

What was Bradford known for?

A rapidly growing industrial city famous for textile production

What was Ancoats, Manchester known for?

The world’s first industrial area powered by steam and home to major cotton mills

When did the Industrial Revolution take place?

Around 1780 to 1850

How did Bradford’s population change?

It grew from about 4,000 in 1750 to over 100,000 by 1850

Where did the first industrial cities develop?

In Northern England, especially for textile production

How young did children start working?

Some started as young as six years old

What was the effect of new machines after 1780?

Production moved from homes to factories, creating industrial cities

What was the effect of population and wealth growth?

Increased demand for workers in factories and mines

What was the effect of building factories and mills?

Families moved to cities, changing living conditions

What was the effect of railways and canals?

Transport improved, helping industrial growth

What was the effect of employing women and children?

They were paid less and often exploited

At what age did agricultural work usually begin?

Around age 12

At what age did factory and mine work begin?

Often as young as age 6

What were agricultural working hours like?

Seasonal and varied depending on time of year

What were factory working hours like?

Long hours, often from 5 a.m. to 6 p.m.

What were agricultural working conditions like?

Safer but physically demanding

What were factory and mine conditions like?

Dangerous with high risk of injury

What were agricultural wages like?

Low and sometimes inconsistent

What were factory wages like?

Higher than farming but still exploitative

What was agricultural job security like?

Seasonal and not guaranteed all year

What was factory job security like?

More regular work but often harsh and unfair