Ch 16 cont

The Great Railroad strike of 1877

also reffered to as the Great Upheaval the strike began in West Virginia after Baltimore and Ohio railroad cut shed for the 3rd time in a year;the countries first major strike in an industry that propelled americas Industrial Revolution and first national strike

Taylorism

The methods of labor management introduced by Fredrick Winslow Taylor to streamline the process of mass production in which each worker repeatedly performs one specific task;led to productivity increases

Economies of scale

Microeconomics concept that refers to the cost advantage experiencias by a firm when it increases its level of output

Development of corporation

The legal mechanism for any enterprise to marshal vast amounts of capital while limiting liability of share holders;investors flooded corporations with the capital needed to industrialize

Monopoly

The exclusive possession or control of the supply of or trade in a commodity or service; industrialization was built on steel and one firm controlled the market

Robber Barons

Nickname for financial titans like Rockefeller etc

Social Darwinism

The idea that the fittest would sea superiority through economic success while welfare and charity would lead to scoaik degeneration or the survival of the week; has been used to justify imperialism

Industrial Working Conditions

Hours we're long typically 10 to 12 hours a day, frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents; pressure was put on industries to change the working conditions

Unionization

The act or process of organizing workers to become members of a labor union; union helps reduce wage gaps for women workers

The knights of labor

Labor organization which organized unskilled and campaigned for an 8 hour workday, aspired do form a cooperative society in which laborers owned the industries in which they worked; first major labor organization in the US

The Hau Market Affair

A union protest in which a bomb exploded and killed 7 policemen; created panic and hysteria and increased anti labor and anti labor sentiment

The American Federation of Labor

National federation of labor units founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers; allowed smaller unions to retain their own autonomy after joining

The Homestead Strike

Violent labor dispute between the Carnegie steel company and many of its workers that occurred in 1892; broke the power of the Amalgamated and effectively ended unionizing amount steelworkers in the US

The Pullman Strike

Widespread railroad strike and boycott that severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest of the US in 1894; brought Eugene Debs national attention and it led directly to his conversion of socialism

The Farmers Alliance

An American agraian movement during the 1870s and 80s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers through the creation of cooperatives and political advocacy; set up cooperatively owned retail stores

The peoples party (populists)

A left wing agrian populist political party in the US

The Omaha Platform

Party platform adopted at the formal convention of the populist party held in Omaha Nebraska in 1892 ; The platform indicated the corruption of the gilded age, and promised government politics to aid the people.

William Jennings Bryan

Democratic nominee for the presidential election in eight 1896, 1900,1908; he was influential in the adoption of many reforms

Free silver

A promotion of the free coinage of silver deviation of the gold standard; adding ’more supply, would have ended the deflation, and created the possibility of inflation

Eugene Debs

An American Socialist, political activist trade unionist one of the foundry members of the industrial workers of the world and five times candidate of the socialist party of America for the president