Biological Effects of Steroid and Peptide Hormones

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the biological effects of steroid and peptide hormones, their interactions, and physiological implications.

Steroid Hormones

Hormones that affect target cells by amplifying biological effects through the synthesis of new proteins.

Peptide Hormones

Hormones that exert their effects by activating receptors on target cells.

Plasma T3

A thyroid hormone whose chronic decrease leads to increased secretion of TSH and TRH.

Type 1 Deiodinase Inhibition

Occurs when plasma T3 is below normal and plasma reverse T3 is above normal.

MIT and DIT

Biologically inactive forms of thyroid hormones.

Insulin

Hormone that decreases plasma fatty acids by activating lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue.

Glucagon

Hormone that acts on the liver to suppress glycogenesis and increase glucose levels.

Cortisol

Hormone that increases gluconeogenesis, promotes protein breakdown, and inhibits glucose uptake.

Catecholamines

Hormones that increase glucose levels through glycogenolysis, glucagon release, and gluconeogenesis.

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

Hormone that regulates free ionized calcium levels and promotes bone resorption.

Calcium Regulation

Influenced by PTH, calcitonin, and active vitamin D.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM)

Characterized by decreased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and increased plasma glucose.

Hypothyroidism

Condition indicated by high TSH with low T3/T4 or low TSH with low T3/T4, depending on the cause.

Hyperthyroidism

Condition marked by high TSH with high T3/T4 levels.

Absorptive State

Metabolic state characterized by increased synthesis processes like glycogenesis and lipogenesis.

Vitamin D

Hormone that enhances calcium absorption from the intestines and decreases excretion of calcium and phosphate.

Bone Resorption

Process that releases calcium and phosphate into plasma, stimulated by PTH.