Class 8

the electron transport system is oriented in the __________ so that electrons are separated from protons

cytoplasmic membrane

what does the final carrier in the electron transport chain do

donates the electrons and protons to the terminal electron acceptor

during electron transfer, protons are released on the _____ of the membrane

outside

pH gradient and electrochemical potential across the membrane are combined to make

the proton motive force

in the pmf, what prevents the H+s from coming back into the cell

plasma membrane

where does H+ concentration increase with the PMF

extracellular fluid

PMF acts as a source of ___

energy

complex that converts PMF into ATP, has 2 components

ATPase

multiprotein extramembrane complex extending into cytoplasm

F1

membrane-integrated proton-translocating multiprotein complex, reversible catalysis of ADP + Pi to ATP

Fo

the ATPase consumes ______ H+ per ATP, ____ ATP produced per 2e-

3-4, 3

what do ATPases generate in strict fermenters

PMF for flagellar rotation and transport

total energy from 1 glucose for aerobic respiration

38

how many of the ATP from aerobic respiration are generated because of the NADH that feeds the ETC

34

when does fermentation occur

when there is no terminal electron acceptor to allow the ETC to function

fermentation provides ____ energy than respiration

less

what has to happen in fermentation to allow more glycolysis to occur and keep ATP production going

the cells need to recycle NADH back to NAD

when the cell cannot run an ETC because there is no terminal electron acceptor, they need to 

recycle the NADH to NAD

in fermentation we use ___ to reduced pyruvate and this produces ___ and ferments products in the process

NADH, NAD

in aerobic respiration, ____ provides electrons and O2 is reduced to produce ___

NADH, H2O

when the O2 is the terminal electron acceptor, and generates H2O as waste

aerobic respiration

something other than O2 is the terminal electron acceptor, generates different waste products

anaerobic respiration

how is the process of using NADH to make PMF slightly different in anaerobic respiration

the O2 is not used at the end of the ETC

for anaerobic respiration in chemoorganotrophs, it still involves eating an __________ like glucose

organic compound

why is less energy released in anaerobic respiration that in aerobic

because of the E values of the acceptors compared with the O2

where is O2 on the redox tower

the very bottom

O2 is at the very ____ of the redox tower, so it is the best terminal electron ____ for allowing the release of the most _____

bottom, acceptor, energy

what type of environment is freshwater marine sediments, soils, subsurface, ect

anoxic

what are these 4 things examples of:

1. dissimilative nitrate reduction (denitrification)

2. sulfate reduction

3. methanogenesis

4. proton reduction

anaerobic respiration

what are some of the most common electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration

inorganic nitrogen compounds

______ is when you reduced NO3- to nitrite or further to nitric oxide, nitrous oxide…

denitrification

some nitrate reducers like ______ only carry out the first step of dissimilatory nitrate reduction

E. coli

______ performs nitrate reduction (NO3- →NO2-), and _____ carries out denitrification (NO3- → N2)

E. coli, Pseudomonas stutzeri

this occurs when NO3- is transformed all the way to N2, NADH provides electrons to the ETC and NO3- and subsequent reduced N compounds act as e- acceptors with eventual production and release of N2

denitrification

during denitrification, where are protons released to generate the PMF

periplasm

in nitrate reduction of anaerobic respiration, ____ provides electrons and NO3- is reduced to produce ___

NADH, NO2-

in aerobic respiration you get ___  protons per NADH, and in nitrate reduction you get ___ protons per NADH

8,6

in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in E.coli, less H+ gets pumped when using ____ because it is ____ on the redox tower than O2

NO3-, higher