INB 446L Babler Exam 4

If baroreceptors in the aorta detect increased arterial pressure, a parasympathetic response is initiated. Which of the following actions would you expect to occur?

A. Decrease heart rate

B. Increased heart rate

C. Vasoconstriction

D. A and C

E. B and C

Decrease heart rate

Chordae tendinae are found in the:

A. Aortic valve

B. Right atrium

C. Pulmonary valve

D. Right Ventricle

Right Ventricle

The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer?

A. Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

B. Endocardium, superficial layer (endothelial)

C. Epicardium

D. Myocardium

A. Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

In an anterior view of the intact heart, you expect to see what structure prominently (compared with the posterior view of the heart)?

A. The coronary sinus

B. The left atrium

C. The pulmonary veins

D. The right atrium

The right atrium

In order, the structures that are part of the conducting system of the heart are:

1. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) bundle branches

2. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) valves

3. Purkinje fibers

4. Sinoatrial node

A. 4,1,3

B. 4,2,1,3

C. 3,1,4

D. 4,3,1

A. 4,1,3

The epicardium is formed by:

A. Parietal pericardium

B. Visceral pericardium

B. Visceral pericardium

The first vessel to branch off the aorta is the:

A. Brachiocephalic trunk

B. Coronary artery

C. Left common carotid

D. Left subclavian

B. Coronary artery

The tunica media of arteries is ________ than of veins because:

A. Thinner; the need for blood to have a lot of room to flow through and reach target organs

B. Thicker; the need for blood to have a lot of room to flow through and reach target organs

C. Thinner; the walls of the vessels must be able to withstand the high-pressure waves generated by the heart

D. Thicker; the walls of the vessels must be able to withstand the high-pressure waves generated by the heart

D. Thicker; the walls of the vessels must be able to withstand the high-pressure waves generated by the heart

Which type of capillary would you expect to see in the spleen or bone marrow?

A. Continuous

B. Fenestrated

C. Sinusoidal

C. Sinusoidal

At any given time, most of the blood in the circulatory system is located in the:

A. Veins

B. Arteries

C. Capillaries

D. Heart

Heart

Which of the following cells contains blood group antigens?

A. Granulocytes

B. Monocytes

C. Erythrocytes

D. Lymphocytes

A. Granulocytes

Leukocytes are also known as:

A. WBCs

B. RBCs

C. LVCs

A. WBCs

What is the function of basophils?

A. Act as an antibody in the immune response

B. Act as a stem cell from which red blood cells are derived

C. Work in blood clotting

D. Modulate anaphylaxis

D. Modulate anaphylaxis

Macrophages differentiate from

A. Granulocytes

B. Lymphoid stem cells

C. Monocytes

D. Neutrophils

C. Monocytes

Which of the following cells does not contain MHC I molecules on its cell surface?

A. B-lymphocytes

B. Erythrocytes

C. Helper T-lymphocytes

D. Macrophages

B. Erythrocytes

Plasma cells are important immune response cells in that they:

A. Form memory cells

B. Present antigens to helper T-lymphocyte

C. Produce blood plasma

D. Release antibodies against a specific antigen

D. Release antibodies against a specific antigen

The MHC II proteins are found on which of the following cells?

A. B-lymphocytes

B. Cytotoxic T-cells

C. Helper T-cells

D. Plasma cells

A. B-lymphocytes

The site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection is the:

A. Bone marrow

B. Lymph node

C. Spleen

D. Thymus

E. Thyroid

D. Thymus

The site of B lymphocyte maturation is the:

A. Lymph nodes

B. Red bone marrow

C. Spleen

D. Thymus

B. Red bone marrow

During a colonoscopy an endoscope is used to examine the large intestine and distal portion of the small intestine. After entering the rectum through the anal sphincter, the scope will pass through the entire colon and then enter the small intestine. To enter the small intestine, the endoscope will pass through the:

A. Cardiac valve

B. Glottis

C. Ileocecal valve

D. Pyloric valve

C. Ileocecal valve

The inguinal canal passes through the

A. External oblique muscle

B. Internal oblique muscle

C. Rectus abdominis muscle

C. Both A and B

D. All the above

B. Internal oblique muscle

Within the perisinusoidal space are specialized cells that are fat storing cells containing vitamin A. These cells are:

A. Ito cells

B. Kupffer cells

C. M-cells

D. Paneth cells

Ito cells

The acinar cells of the pancreas:

A. Contain zymogen granules

B. Have a duct that opens into the pyloric region of the stomach

C. Secrete bile

D. Secrete insulin to assist digestion

contain zymogen granules

The internal and external anal sphincter muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

True

False

False

The epithelium lining the small intestine is classified as:

Simple columnar

Simple cuboidal

Simple squamous

Stratified squamous

Simple columnar

Secretin is a hormone produced by which of the following cells

Chief cells

Enteroendocrine cells

Parietal cells

Paneth cells

Enteroendocrine cells

All the following statements about the esophagus are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION?

Epithelium is a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

It has mucous glands in the submucosa.

It has plicae circularis.

Muscularis externa transitions from skeletal to smooth muscle

It has plicae circularis.

The mucosa of the duodenum typically has all the following components EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Intestinal glands (Crypts of Lieberkühn)

Lacteals

Peyers patches

Plica circulares

Peyers patches

In a salivary gland, the demilune is composed of which type of salivary cell type?

Mucus

Serous

Serous

Within the perisinusoidal space are specialized cells that are fat storing cells containing vitamin A. These cells are:

Ito cells

Kupffer cells

M-cells

Paneth cells

Ito cells

The acinar cells of the pancreas:

Contain zymogen granules

Have a duct that opens into the pyloric region of the stomach

Secrete bile

Secrete insulin to assist digestion

Contain zymogen granules

Which of the following cells found in a salivary gland usually would be associated with an acinus and a long excretory duct?

Mucous cell

Serous cell

Serous cell

The efferent arteriole of the glomerulus:

Actively reabsorbs Na+

Drains directly into the arcuate vein

Flows into the peritubular capillaries associated with the arterial portal system of the kidney

Has tall microvilli

Flows into the peritubular capillaries associated with the arterial portal system of the kidney

An infection in the renal pelvis could spread to renal corpuscle of the kidney by first passing through the:

Distal convoluted tubule

Proximal straight tubule

Renal papilla

Ureter

Renal papilla

The majority of the water filtered in the renal corpuscle is reabsorbed in the

Collecting duct

Distal straight tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule

Thin ascending limb of Henle's loop

Proximal convoluted tubule

The epithelium that lines the renal pelvis would be classified as:

Transitional

The loop of the nephron in the medulla is closely associated with which vascular structure?

Afferent arterioles

Arcuate arteries

Peritubular capillaries

Vasa recta

Vasa recta

The filtrate in the capsular space of the renal corpuscle exits the space via the:

Distal straight tubule

Efferent arteriole

Proximal convoluted tubule

Renal papilla

Proximal convoluted tubule

The cells responsible for the overproduction of digestive secretions are the:

A. Chief cells

B. Enterocytes

C. Paneth cells

D. Parietal cells

D. Parietal cells

The common bile duct can be located within the lesser omentum along with:

A. Hepatic artery

B. Hepatic vein

C. Portal vein

D. A and B

E. A and C

E. A and C

The mucosa affected by the lesion typically has all the following components EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Crypts of Lieberkühn

B. Lacteals

C. Rugae

D. Villi

C. Rugae

The endoscope passes down the digestive tube from the mouth and will enter the ulcerated region from the stomach through which muscular valve?

A. Anal sphincter

B. Cardiac valve

C. Ileocecal valve

D. Pyloric valve

D. Pyloric valve

If baroreceptors in the aorta detect decreased arterial pressure, a sympathetic response is initiated. Which of the following actions would you expect to occur?

A. Decrease heart rate

B. Increased heart rate

C. Vasoconstriction

D. A and C

E. B and C

E. B and C

The heart valve that prevents back flow into the left atrium is a:

A. Bicuspid valve

B. Semilunar valve

C. Tricuspid valve

A. Bicuspid valve

Blood in a prenate flows from the right atrium to the left atrium via the

A. Ductus arteriosus

B. Ductus venosus

C. Foramen ovale

D. Umbilical vein

C. Foramen ovale

White blood cells are most likely to enter into a tissue through:

A. Arterioles

B. Arteriovenous shunts

C. Capillaries

D. Postcapillary venules

D. Postcapillary venules

Which of the following cells is an agranulocyte?

A. Basophil

B. Eosinophil

C. Neutrophil

D. Macrophage

D. Macrophage

Platelets are produced by:

A. B Lymphocytes

B. Megakaryocytes

C. Neutrophils

D. T Lymphocytes

B. Megakaryocytes

Stave cells are located in the

A. Germinal center

B. Red pulp

C. White pulp

B. Red pulp

All of the following actions happen with the activation of a B lymphocyte EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

B. B lymphocyte proliferation

C. Differentiation into plasma cells

D. Memory cell formation

A. Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes

True or False. An antigen-presenting cell is required to activate a T lymphocyte.

A. True

B. False

True

The site of B lymphocyte maturation and selection is the:

A. Bone marrow

B. Lymph node

C. Spleen

D. Thymus

A. Bone marrow

All the following statements about lymph nodes are correct EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Are the only filter for lymph

B. Have white pulp

C. Have multiple afferent and single efferent vessels

D. Site of B lymphocyte proliferation

B. Have white pulp

The type of epithelial cell that lines the trachea is:

A. Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated

B. Simple columnar

C. Simple cuboidal

D. Simple squamous

A. Pseudostratified columnar, ciliated

In the liver, the plasma membrane of hepatocytes is in contact with the

A. Central vein

B. Hepatic sinusoids

C. Perisinusoidal space

D. Portal triad

C. Perisinusoidal space

Within the hepatic sinusoids are specialized cells that help to breakdown old erythrocytes as well as remove bacteria from the blood. These cells are:

A. Ito cells

B. Kupffer cells

C. M-cells

D. Paneth cells

B. Kupffer cells

The exocrine portion of the pancreas secretes:

A. Bile

B. Digestive enzymes

C. Insulin

D. Pepsinogen

B. Digestive enzymes

Semilunar valves are characterized as:

Passive valves that are pressure operated and are closed via the backflow of blood

The autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system includes important receptors. Which of the following is correct?

Baroreceptors, sense changes in tension, or pressure of blood flow in the vessels.

Which anatomical feature is responsible for initiating the pace of the heart?

SA node

The hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system is associated with the following components:

Primary capillary plexus, secondary capillary plexus, portal vein

Blood flowing through a vein across the neck usually flows into the superior vena cava and into the right atrium. If there is a backup of blood flow in this vein, what might you expect to occur in this person?

All of the above

What type of capillary would you expect to see in the kidney?

Fenestrated

Neutrophils are classified as:

granular cells

Which of the following cells contains blood group antigens?

Erythrocytes

By what mechanism are old RBCs removed from the bloodstream?

Removed by the spleen via filtration through stave cells and macrophage destruction

What is the function of basophils?

Modulate anaphylaxis

Which of the following cells lacks a nucleus?

erythrocytes

Plasma cells are important immune response cells in that they:

Release antibodies against a specific antigen

Which of the following immune cells attacks a virus infected cell?

Cytotoxic T-cells

All the following immune cells form memory cells during the immune response EXCEPT ONE. Which cell type is the EXCEPTION?

Macrophages

The site of T lymphocyte maturation and selection is the:

Thymus

Within the spleen, the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) is composed primarily of

T-Lymphocytes

All the following statements about the spleen are true EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Has only a closed vascular system

Lymph from a villus of the jejunum will most likely drain into the:

Left brachiocephalic vein by the thoracic duct.

All the following statements about lymph are true EXCEPT ONE. Which statement is the EXCEPTION?

Lymph is secreted by lymphocytes

Which of the following cells does not contain MHC I molecules on its cell surface?

Erythrocytes

Stave cells play an important role in:

Removal of old RBCs

A mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that contains blood vessels and nerves traveling to an organ.

True

The ileum receives its blood supply primarily from the

Superior mesenteric a.

All the following are distinguishing characteristics about the large intestine EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Peyers Patches

All the following structures increase the surface area of the small intestine EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Lacteals

The internal and external anal sphincter muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

False

The large intestine is characterized by all the following EXCEPT ONE. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Has a ciliated columnar epithelium

The innervation to the muscularis externa of the jejunum is provided by the

Myenteric plexus

The common bile duct can be located within the lesser omentum along with:

Hepatic artery and Portal vein

In the salivary gland, the striated duct modifies saliva.

True

Venous blood from the liver normally drains directly into the inferior vena cava through the:

Hepatic vein

During pancreatitis, pancreatic tissues may be dissolved by the pancreas' own secretions. Which of the following is a digestive enzyme of the pancreas?

α-amylase

In response to candidiasis, which of the following cells may migrate into the oral epithelium?

Neutrophils