brain bee practice qs 1

what part of the brain performs our highest intellectual functions

forebrain

part of brain that serves as synaptic relay station for almost all of the sensory information coming into the cerebral cortex

Thalamus

How many lobes are there on each side of the cerebral cortex

four

part of the hindbrain whose main function is to help control movement

cerebellum

what is the long conducting fiber of a neuron called

axon

where the nucleus is located in a neuron

cell body

disease of muscle acetylocholine receptors that causes muscle weakness

myasthenia gravis

neurotransmitter released by neurons connected to voluntary muscles

acetylcholine

Huntington's chorea is a disorder of what body function

Movement

Peptides are chains of what linked together

amino acids

unmyelinated peripheral sensory fibers that mediate info about tissue damage

C fibers

substance P is an important chemical for what sensory modality

pain

Endorphins are released into the blood stream from what

lymph node

The benzobiazephines, such as Valium, work by increasing the activity of what neurotransmitter.

GABA

working memory depends to a larger part on what cerebral cortex

frontal

A long-lasting increase in strength of a synaptic response following stimulation is what

long- term potentilation

neurons that innervate and control skeletal muscles

alpha motor neurons

what do you call neurons that inactivate other neurons

Inhibitory neurons

stimulating the parasympathetic system does what to digestion

increases

the acronym MAO stands for what

Monoamine oxidase

neurotransmitter which is a principle target of anti-seizure drugs

GABA

Anadamide, a natural brain chemical, binds to the same receptors as what popular drug of abuse

Marijuana

Dogs salivating at the sound of a dinner bell, even before they see the the food, is called what kind of learning?

Classical conditioning

During an action potential what happens to the electrical charge inside the axon

It changes from negative to positive

motor cortex

Frontal lobe

temporal lobe

sensory cortex

pariental lobe

occipital lobe

Dendrite

cell body of nueron

nucleus of neuron

myelin sheath

axon

axon terminal

Cerebellum function

coordination of voluntary movements and balance

spinal cord function

send messages from the brain to the nerves

motor cortex function

controls voluntary movements

frontal lobe function

involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control

temporal lobe

hearing

sensory cortex function

registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

parietal lobe function

somatic sensory processing

occipital lobe function

visual processing

Cerebrum

divided into left and right hemispheres and four main lobes

limbic system

regulates emotions and motivations, includes hippopotamus, amygdala, thalamus, hypo thalamus, and pituitary gland

hypothalamus

regulates hormones

Thalamus

regulates sensory information

Amygdala

emotional memory

Hippocampus

new memories

basal ganglia

part of the body that regulates complex body movements

Pons

regulates breathing and posture. Part of the brain-stem

Medulla

controls heartbeat and breathing

somatosensory cortex

area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations

dendrites

receive messages from other cells

cell body

houses the nucleus and other organelles

axon function

tail end of the neuron, sends outgoing signals to other cells

Synapse

Gap between neurons

action potential

nerve impulse

neurotransmitters

chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons

CNS

central nervous system

PNS

peripheral nervous system

CNS pictured

PNS pictured

induction

First step of embryonic brain development. Ectoderm cells receive signals that turn them into neural stem cells. called neural induction.

proliferation

second step. neural stem cells divide rapidly to create billions of daughter cells.

symmetric division

create 2 identical daughter cells

Asymetric division

create two distinct daughter cells

migration

third step. the newly formed neurons move from the surface of the ectoderm form their long term locations in the brain.

Formation of connections and synapses

the neurons will form connections with one another

growth core

part of the axon reaches its target dendrite, a synapse forms

Synaptogenesis

the insulating covering the axons, allow for electrical signals to travel 100 times faster through the neurons

Astrocytes

Provide structural and metabolic support for neurons.

Myelination

fifth step. the formation of a fatty sheath around the axons of a neuron

Myelin Sheaths in the CNS

Formed by processes of oligodendrocytes, not the whole cells

Nodes of Ranvier are present

No neurilemma

Thinnest fibers are unmyelinated

Oligodendrocytes

Type of glial cell in the CNS that wrap axons in a myelin sheath.

Shwann cells

produce myelin in PNS

pairing back

sixth step. the adult neuron network is formed by removing incorrect ones.

apoptosis

programmed cell death