monomers and polymers

monomer definition and name 3 monomers

Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made e.g monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides

polymer definition

Polymers are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

condensation reaction

• joins two molecules together

• with the formation of a chemical bond

• involving the elimination of a water molecule

hydrolysis reaction

• breaks a chemical bond between two molecules

• involving the use of a water molecule

monosaccharide definition and name 3

Monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made. Glucose, galactose and fructose are common monosaccharides

what does a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides form? what is thenew molecule called?

glycosidic bond is formed between two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide

name 3 disaccarides and the monosaccharides they are formed from

• maltose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules

• sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

• lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

what are the two isomers of glucose and their structures

what is a polysaccharide? name 3

polymers formed by the condensation of many glucose units e.g starch, cellulose and glycogen

compare and contrast the 3 polysaccharides

whats the biochemical test for reducing sugars?

Add Benedict's reagent

Heat

A positive result is a colour change from blue to brick red/green/yellow/orange/

whats the biochemical test for non reducing sugars?

1 Following a negative reducing sugars test

2. Boil the sample in acid (acid hydrolysis). Thenadd alkaline solution to neutralise.

3. Add Benedict's reagent and heat

4. A positive result will go from blue to red

Describe the test for starch

Add iodine to the sample

A positive result will go from orange to black