MMS Critical Thinking Disease States

Migraine

-unilateral headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation

causes/risks: stress, changes in irregular sleep cycle, hormonal fluctuations, caffeine, alcohol, changes in weather, diet, dehydration, light

Stroke

-brain cell death due to interruption or reduction in blood supply to part of your brain, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients

causes/risks: high blood pressure, smoking, diet, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, high cholesterol, sickle cell, family history

Alzheimer's

-most common cause of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other cognitive abilities serious enough to interfere with daily life

causes/risks: age, family history, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure and high cholesterol

Parkinson's

-progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement, such as a tremor, stiffness, or bradykinesia (slow movement)

causes/risks: idiopathic or genetic, age, sex(male), exposure to toxins

Schizophrenia

-mental disorder where people interpret reality abnormally, which may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior

causes/risk: family history, pregnancy and birth complications (malnutrition or toxins that may impact development), mind altering drugs

Heart failure

-heart muscles not pumping blood as well as it should

causes/risk: high blood pressure, faulty heart valves, genetics, myocarditis, congenital heart defects, arrhytmias, bradycardia, diabetes, HIV, over or underactive thyroid

Hypertension

-blood pressure consistently too high

causes/risk: unknown primary, Secondary: obstructive sleep apnea, kidney disease, adrenal gland tumors, thyroid problems, certain medications (birth control), cold remedies, decongestants

Hyperlipidemia

-genetic disorders that result in a high level of lipids circulating in the blood

causes/risk: genetics, high fats diets, sedentary lifestyle, obesity and diabetes

Myocardial infarction

-heart muscle begins to die because it isn't getting enough blood flood

causes/risk: one or more coronary arteries becomes blocked; age, tobacco, HBP, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Pneumonia

-infection of one or both of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, air sacs fill with pus and other liquid

causes/risk: bacteria, fungi, virus, smoking, certain medications

Pulmonary hypertension

-high blood pressure in heart to lung system that delivers fresh blood to the heart while returning used blood back to the lungs

causes/risk: family history, blood clotting disorders, exposure to asbestos, congenital heart disease, high altitude, weight loss drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Asthma

-airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus, which can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing, and SOB

causes/risk: exposure to various irritants and substances that trigger allergies

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

-airflow blockage and breathing-related problems including emphysema and chronic bronchitis

causes/risk: female, age, smoking, history of asthma

Chron's Disease

-inflammatory bowel disease, causes inflammation in digestive tract, can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition

causes/risk: unknown

Diverticulitis

-pouches that form in the lining of the digestive system that may become inflamed or infected

causes/risk: age, obesity, smoking, lack of exercise, diet high in fat and low in fiber, steroids, opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Gout

-common form of arthritis, characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in one or more joints, most often in the big toe

causes/risk: urate crystal accumulation in the joints, diet rich in red meat, shellfish, fructose, alcohol, heart or kidney disease, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers

Ulcerative Colitis

-IBD causes inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract

causes/risk: middle age, eastern european (jewish), environmental factors, diet

Rheumatoid arthritis

-symmetric, inflammatory, peripheral polyarthritis

causes/risk: unknown, female, middle age, family history, excess weight

Diabetes

-chronic disease that occurs when th pancreas is no longer able to make insulin or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces

causes/risk: Type I: age or family history, Type II: prediabetes, 45 years or older, family history, sedentary lifestyle, race, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Alcohol related liver disease

-liver damage caused by excess alcohol intake

causes/risk: alcohol misuse

Cirrhosis

-late stage scarring(fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions

causes/risk: chronic alcohol use, chronic viral hepatitis, hemochromatasis, Cystic fibrosis, primary biliary cirrhosis

Hepatic Encephalopathy

-a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities in patients with liver dysfunction, after exclusion of brain disease, personality changes, intellectual impairment , depressed level of consciousness

causes/risk: chronic liver disease

Liver failure

-development of severe acute liver injury with encephalopathy and impaired function in a patient without cirrhosis or preexisting liver disease

causes/risks: Acetaminophen, idiosyncratic drug reactions, viral hepatitis

Chronic kidney disease

-kidneys are damaged and can't filter blood properly

causes/risk: diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, family history

Cystinuria

inherited metabolic disease, undissolved cystine in the urine, as well as arginine, lysine, and ornithine

causes/risks: genetic

Nephrolithiasis

-hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys, kidney stones

causes/risks: diet excess body weight, supplements and medication

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

-prostate gland enlargement

causes/risks: aging, family history, diabetes, heart disease, obesity

Endometriosis

-tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue outside the uterus, seen on reproductive organs, inside the pelvis, or in the abdominal cavity

causes/risk: genetic, women who are giving birth for the first time after age of 30, women with abnormal uterus

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

-infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone levels, ovaries develop numerous small collections of fluid to regularly release eggs

causes/risks: obesity, family history, insulin resistance