Chapter 11: Culture Ethnicity (pt 1)

The United States is a __________ society.

multicultural

By the year _______, the U.S. is expected to become a minority nation, meaning there will be no single majority population group.

2045

The fastest growing race or ethnic group in the U.S. is made up of __________ or more races.

two

The next two fastest growing groups after multiracial individuals are __________ and __________.

Hispanics; Asians

You will care for clients who are not from your __________.

own cultural background.

Culture is __________ through life experiences with other members.

learned

Culture is __________ from generation to generation, either formally through __________ or informally through __________.

taught; schools; families

Culture is __________ by its members.

shared

Culture is __________ & __________, meaning customs, beliefs, and practices change over time and at different rates.

dynamic; adaptive

Cultural change occurs with __________ in response to the __________.

adaptation; environment

Culture is __________, meaning cultural habits are often unconscious and may be difficult for members to explain to others.

complex

Culture is __________, meaning it varies among groups and members.

diverse

Culture exists at many levels, including __________ (such as dress or writings) and __________ (such as traditions or beliefs).

material; nonmaterial

Culture includes common __________ and __________.

beliefs; practices

Culture provides __________ and a sense of __________.

identity; belonging

__________ is similar to culture and refers to a shared social and cultural heritage passed down from one generation to another.

Ethnicity

Examples of ethnic groups include __________, __________, __________, and __________.

Hispanic; Latino; Spanish; non-Hispanic

__________ is based on biological similarities.

Race

__________ is an ordered system of beliefs.

Religion

A person who identifies with two or more cultures is considered __________ or __________.

bicultural; multicultural

__________ is the process of learning to become a member of a society or group.

Socialization

__________ is when members of a minority group adopt parts of the dominant culture while maintaining their own.

Acculturation

__________ is when a minority group is gradually absorbed into the dominant culture and loses some of its own characteristics.

Assimilation

A __________ is a group within a larger culture that has values, beliefs, or behaviors distinct from the dominant culture.

subculture

The __________ group has the most authority or power, while the __________ group has less control or influence.

dominant; minority

_________ is the belief that one’s own culture or way of life is superior to others.

Ethnocentrism

__________ populations include the homeless, poor, mentally ill, people with physical disabilities, the young, elderly adults, and some ethnic and racial minority groups.

Vulnerable

Vulnerable populations are considered __________ of all major cultural groups, not just __________.

subcultures; minorities

Vulnerable populations are more likely to develop __________ and experience poorer __________.

health problems; outcomes

Poorer health outcomes in vulnerable populations are often due to limited access to __________, high-risk __________, and multiple __________.

care; behaviors; stressors

Examples of stressors affecting vulnerable populations include __________ and __________.

homelessness; physical disabilities

The most important concept about vulnerable subcultures guiding nursing care is that persons belonging to these groups

Often have limited access to healthcare

A __________ is a principle or standard that has meaning or worth to an individual.

(Ex: cleanliness, friendship, integrity)

personal value

A __________ is something one accepts as truth.

(Ex: I believe smoking causes cancer)

belief

A __________ is a set of behaviors that one follows.

(Ex: I always wash my hands before meals)

practice

Culture __________ are values, beliefs, and practices that people from all cultures share.

universals

Culture __________ are values, beliefs, and practices that are unique or special to a specific culture.
(Ex: Mexican quinceañera celebration)

specifics

An __________ is an example of a person or thing that represents something recurrent, based in fact, and serves as a symbol for remembering cultural specifics.
(Ex: skin color, eye color, drug metabolism)

archetype

A __________ is an unsubstantiated belief that all people of a certain race or ethnic group are alike in certain respects.
(Ex: naturally intelligent, athletic)

stereotype

__________ includes both verbal and nonverbal expressions such as facial expression, eye contact, use of silence, and touch

Communication

__________ refers to personal space and how much distance people prefer to have around them.

Space

__________ orientation refers to whether a culture focuses on the past, present, or future.

Time

__________ organization refers to the way a family unit or community is structured.

Social

__________ control refers to how people perceive and use nature or environmental factors to influence health.

Environmental

__________ variations include skin color, genetics, and body build.

Biological

__________ and __________ influence what types of healthcare are considered acceptable.

Religion; philosophy

__________ affects an individual’s knowledge of healthcare options.

Education

__________ affects the availability of medical supplies and equipment.

Technology

__________ and __________ influence eligibility and reimbursement for healthcare services.

Politics; law

The __________ affects the availability of funds for publicly funded programs.

economy

The __________ healthcare system is also known as “folk medicine” or “self-treatment remedies.”

Indigenous

The __________ healthcare system is known as Western or allopathic medicine, where providers are formally educated and trained

North American

The __________ or __________ health system is practiced in the U.S. and relies on the scientific method, using medications and therapies to treat health problems.

Scientific; biomedical

The __________ system is based on belief in supernatural or mystical forces and is considered “alternative” in the U.S.

(Ex: voodoo)

Magico-religious

The __________ system focuses on harmony and balance of the body with nature.

Holistic health

Nursing is the largest __________ in the healthcare culture.

subculture

Nursing values include __________, nursing __________, use of the __________ process, __________, and __________ thinking.

caring; autonomy; nursing; knowledge; critical

__________ medicine is passed down through generations and involves self-treatment or folk healers.

Folk

__________ medicine is used along with conventional medicine and includes practices such as chiropractic care, biofeedback, and supplements.

Complementary

__________ medicine is used instead of conventional medicine and includes practices such as aromatherapy, magnet therapy, and acupuncture.

Alternative