Chapter 1: Understanding Public Communication

Communication Models

Models that illustrate how communication functions between people. There are 3 different types.

What are the three types of communication models?

Linear Model of Communication, Interactive Model of Communication, and Transactional Model of Communication

Linear Model of Communication

Theory that views communication as a one-way process which a source conveys as an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes that message. Flows in one direction only. Consists of 7 elements: source, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and noise.

Source

The person responsible for inventing the idea on which he or she intends to speak and crafting the idea to an audience. In terms of public speaking, it is the speaker.

Encoding

Taking the abstract notion and providing it meaning through the application of symbols. When the speaker converts the idea into words.

Message

The content or idea that the source tries to convey to the audience. The end result of the encoding process.

Channel

The medium through which an encoded message is transmitted from a source to a receiver. Where the message is delivered through.

Receiver

The person or audience that a message is being transmitted to.

Decoding

The process of drawing meaning from the symbols that were used to encode a message. Understanding the message.

Noise

Anything that can change the message after the source encodes and sends it. The final component of linear communication. Can be either physical noise or psychological noise.

Examples of Physical Noise

• Other sounds

• Visual barriers

• Poor volume and projection

• Distractions in the room

• Hunger, tiredness, and other bodily limitations

Examples of Psychological Noise

• Preoccupation with other thoughts

• Emotional reaction to the topic

• Prejudice or ill will toward the speaker

• Unwillingness to listen

• Resistance to the message

Interactive Model of Communication

Communication theory that views communication as two-way process that includes feedback and the environment.

Feedback

The receiver’s response to a message that is sent to the sender

Environment

The context in which the communication process takes place

Examples of Environmental Elements

• Beliefs

• Context

• History

• Participants

• Relationships

• Physical Setting

• Values

Transactional Model of Communication

The theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver.

Similarities in Coversation and Speech

• Audience-Centered

• Attention to feedback

• Goal-driven

• Logic is required

• Stories for effect

Differences in Conversation and Speech

• Language choices

• Speeches require more organization

• Use of notes

• No interruptions

• Delivery style

• Physical Arrangement

The 3 Myths About Public Speaking

1. Public Speaking is a Talent, not a Skill

2. Speech is Easy; We do it all the Time

3. There is no “Right Way” to Deliver a Speech