Bio Chapter 7 Lymphatic system

What are the 4 main functions of the lymphatic system?

Absorbs excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the blood,
absorb fats from the small intestine,
produce and distributes lymphocytes,
defend the body against pathogens. 

What body system to Lymphatic vessels move lymph to?

cardiovascular

What are the secondary lymphatic organs?

spleen

lymph nodes

The type of immunity that is fully functional without previous exposure to various foreign invaders is

innate immunity

Tears, saliva, and perspiration contain an enzyme called ? that helps kill or inhibit bacteria.

lysozyme

Which human organ system returns excess interstitial fluid to the blood?

lymphatic system

The two main phagocytic cells that are involved in the inflammatory response are

neutrophils and macrophages

what vessels form a one-way system of vessels which transport lymph to the cardiovascular veins

lymphatic vessels

A group of protective plasma proteins designated by the letter C and a number are all part of what system?

complement

The primary lymphatic organs are

thymus and red bone marrow

The adaptive immune system responds to foreign molecules, typically protein components of bacteria, viruses, molds, or parasites, which are collectively known as

antigens

The components of innate immune defenses are

protective proteins
chemical barriers
inflammatory response

What is lysozyme?

antibacterial enzyme

The complement system is actually composed of

a number of blood plasma proteins

A molecule recognized as being foreign to the body is

antigen

The cell type that is mostly responsible for antibody-mediated immunity is

b cell

Cloned B cells that produce antibodies specific to a particular antigen are called

plasma cells

How do T and B lymphocytes recognize different antigens?

Each lymphocyte has antigen receptors in its plasma membrane, which can bind to only one specific antigen.

The letter a is pointing to a

variable region of a light chain

Which two types of cells can undergo clonal expansion after a specific antigen binds an antigen receptor on their surface?

B and T cells

The most unique and significant feature of monoclonal antibodies is that they are

produced by plasma cells derived from the same B cell

What are some major characteristics of B cells?

carry out antibody-mediated immunity

Cell-mediated immunity most directly involves the destruction of diseased and/or cancerous cells by

T cells

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) present fragments of pathogens to T cells on APC cell surface molecules called

major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs)

Antibodies that are produces by a plasma cell derived from a single B cells an bind to exactly the same antigen are called

monoclonal antibodies

The type of immunity that results from the production of antibodies by an individual following an infection or vaccination is which immunity?

active immunity

Adaptive immunity in which T cells destroy diseased or cancer cells is

cell-mediated immunity

Two scenarios that result in active immunity

immunization with a vaccine
infection with a pathogen

Two examples of cytokines are

interferons and interleukins

Which type of cells display fragments of antigens to T cells?

antigen presenting cells

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by

the human immunodeficiency virus

The type of immunity that results from the administration of prepared antibodies by injection is

passive immunity

Because substances like pollen, food, and animal hair can provoke hypersensitivity reactions, they are called

allergens

To minimize organ transplant rejection, which type of molecules must be cross-matched between the donor and the recipient?

MHC molecules

Why is passive immunity always temporary?

The antibodies are not produced by the body.

The signaling molecule that regulates white blood cell formation and activation is called

cytokines

A reaction that is defined as a hypersensitivity to substances that normally pose no serious risk to the body, such as pollen, food, or animal hair is called a(n)

allergic reaction

Select the two most common strategies that are currently used to control rejection of organ transplants.

• Matching MHC types between organ and recipient

  correct

• Administration of immunosuppressive drugs