Peds autism

autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

developmental disorder with a wide range of symptoms ranging from mild to severe; includes autism, asbergers, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified

social

ASD is characterized by deficits in _____________ (verbal and nonverbal) communication & interaction

repetitive

ASD is characterized by ____________ patterns of behavior, interest, or activities (difficulty with changes)

t

t/f each person with ASD has unique characteristics & presentation

autism spectrum disorder/ASD

other characteristics of ___________ __________ ___________:

-intellectual differences

-motor coordination challenges

-attention

-physical health issues

-sensory/motor processing

-hearing/vision

brain

etiology of ASD is unknown, although generally believed to be related to ________ structure abnormalities that occur early in prenatal development

-new ideas that genetic susceptibility to environmental insults might exist even before conception

-also consideration of heredity

12

red flags for ASD: baby has limited babbling/gesturing by ____ months

12

red flags for ASD: baby has no words by ____ months

24

red flags for ASD: baby is not combining words by ____ months

social

red flags for ASD: loss of language or ________ skills

24

typical diagnosis of ASD possible by ____ months

-early diagnosis very important

medical

__________ diagnosis: physician/psychologist/psychiatrist makes diagnosis based on assessment of symptoms and diagnostic tests; DSM5

educational

_____________ diagnosis: multidisciplinary team decision, determined by meeting criteria for classification for special education under autism qualifier; IDEA

2

adults with ASD are more than ___x as likely as those without ASD to have depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or suicide attempts

t

t/f ASD diagnosis = more prone to diabetes, GI disorders, epilepsy, sleep disorders, heart disease, high blood pressure

t

t/f ASD comorbidities include constipation, allergies, ear infections, & seizures

lower

ASD = often higher/lower muscle tone; connection trunk to pelvis

delayed

gross motor abilities are ______________ vs peers; lack of following a model, poor L/R, eye/hand, eye/foot, UE/LE coordination makes higher level skills more challenging

balance

impaired coordination leads to problems with ___________ and efficient gait

motor planning

____________ ____________: solving motor challenges; language deficits, lack of following directions/attention/peer model; coordination

toe

_______ walking is common with ASD - treat the cause (may be related to sensory, stability, tightness, postural reasons...)

either

ASD is associated with high/low/either sensory threshold

collaboration

____________ between PT and OT is important

-gross motor deficits are not as well recognized (especially in schools); PT advocate

-definitely will be some overlap but need to clearly define goals for each to justify services in all settings

gross

for ASD, fine/gross motor deficits are not as well recognized in schools - need to advocate for therapy needs

school

school/medical: safety, efficiency, physical education, playground, attention

medical

school/medical: coordination, alignment, core strength, related to functional limitation in home/community

early intervention

early intervention/school age/adulthood: intense, early, family centered

school age

early intervention/school age/adulthood: leverage resources to maximize academic learning to student's potential, social experiences, fitness (IEP)

adulthood

early intervention/school age/adulthood: access to services/supports that promote independence and quality of life; employment, living options, self advocacy

family

__________ considerations

-resources: support groups, counseling, education about ASD, financial resources, respite, medical management, community resources for services (diagnosis often opens doors)

-realistic home programming

-community inclusion (safe zones), actual participation not just present; requires education of the peer group/community

applied behavioral analysis

what is ABA?

-systematically apply intervention based on learning principles to enact change in behavior, social response, language, academic learning

-line therapist, lead therapist

-very specific, intensive therapy with repetitions & rewards

intensive

___________ therapies: use ABA principles along with sensory interventions in an intensive teaching environment (40 hours/week)

interactive metronome

____________ ___________ & therapeutic listening:

-use auditory rhythms to influence balance, sensory regulation, & arousal

bal-a-vis-x

_______-__-_______-___ and fast forward:

-use physical rhythms with auditory input and coordination/movement activities to assist with balance, sensory regulation and arousal; key is to develop flow and symmetrical rhythm

train staff

77% of health care professionals rated their care for someone with ASD as poor to fair

-potential for serious harm in a healthcare setting is 3x higher for someone with ASD

-top risk reduction is to ________ _________

dimly

autism-friendly medical model: well/dimly-lit room with less equipment, staff, posters, etc.

-yes/no questions

-see/touch instruments before using on bodies

-be direct and factual; realize body language or social cues may not be realized