cell energetics-respiration

important products in photosynthesis

glucose and oxygen

fermentation

partial breakdown of sugar without oxygen

cell respiration

catabolic reaction that produces large amounts of ATP

REDOX reactions produce…

ATP

LEO

lose electrons, oxidize

GER

gain electrons, reduce

what agent helps with reduction?

oxidizing

what agent helps with oxidizing?

reducing

oxygen is _____ and glucose is ________

reduced, oxidized

NAD+ is reduced to____

NADH

coenzyme

nonprotein molecule that helps the enzyme

NAD+ acts as…

an oxidizing agent during respiration

NADH can be tapped to make

ATP

Finally, NADH passes electrons to the…

ETC

Oxygen pulls electrons down the ETC to make

ATP

glycolysis

partial breakdown of glucose to make 2 ATP

Krebs Cycle

complete the oxidation or break down of glucose

ATP is mostly produced in…

oxidative phosphorylation

Oxygen has to be available during…

Citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis happens in

every living thing

glycolysis splits glucose molecules into

two pyruvate (3 carbon)

glycolysis involves which major phases

energy investment, energy payoff

glycolysis happens in

cytoplasm

Net ATP in glycolysis

2

ATP produced in glycolysis

4

energy consumed in glycolysis

2

number of NADH produced during glycolysis

2

what do you end with in glycolysis

2 pyruvate

link from glycolysis to the Krebs cycle is

acetyl coa

where Krebs cycle takes place

matrix

Each turn in the Krebs cycle generates

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2

precursor to Krebs cycle makes

acetyl coa

acetyl group combines with what?

oxaloacetate to become citrate

NADH and FADH2 help

shuttle electrons to the ETC

glycolysis and Krebs cycle only have what kind of phosphorylation?

substrate level

ATP synthesis is powered by…

the electron carriers bringing electrons to the ETC

where electron transport occurs…

inner membrane

O2 is then reduced to…

water

no ATP is produced when?

in the ETC

major function of ETC

use energy from electrons to create a proton gradient

chemiosmosis

uses the exergonic flow of hydrogen ions to join ADP+P

electrons transfer causes what in active transport?

a protein pump pumps hydrogen ions into inter membrane space

hydrogen ions move through channels in…

inner membrane

ATP synthase uses…

the exergonic flow of protons to drive phosphorylation of ATP

hydrogen ion gradient

couples the redox reactions of the ETC to ATP synthesis

proton gradient is made by the…

ETC

sequence energy flows in

glucose, NADH, ETC, proton gradient, ATP

NADH makes more ATP because…

it enters the ETC earlier

fermentation regenerates

NAD+ which is then used in glycolysis