APUSH Vocab Chapters 7+8

Aaron Burr

Vice President under Jefferson killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel and was later tried (and acquitted) for treason after a western conspiracy

American Shipping

US trade on the high seas disrupted by British and French interference during the Napoleonic Wars

Camp Meetings

Large outdoor religious revivals during the Second Great Awakening that emphasized emotion and conversion

Cane Ridge

Site in Kentucky (1801) of one of the first and largest camp meetings symbolized the growth of evangelical Christianity

Deism

Belief that God created the universe but does not intervene in daily life popular among Enlightenment thinkers

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts which revolutionized the cotton and manufacturing industries

Embargo Act

Jefferson's law banning US exports to foreign nations to avoid war hurt the American economy

Handsome Lake

Seneca religious leader who blended Native and Christian beliefs urging Iroquois to revive traditional customs

Hartford Convention

Meeting of New England Federalists opposing the War of 1812 seen as unpatriotic and ended the Federalist Party

Impressment

British practice of forcing American sailors into the Royal Navy one cause of the War of 1812

Industrialism

Economic system based on manufacturing goods using machines rather than hand tools

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1801-1835) who strengthened the power of the federal government and the Court

Judicial Review

The Supreme Court's power to declare laws unconstitutional established by Marbury v. Madison

Judith Sargent Murray

Early advocate for women's rights who argued that women should have equal educational opportunities

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson's purchase of French territory doubling US size and securing control of the Mississippi River

Marbury v. Madison

Landmark Supreme Court case establishing judicial review

Mercy Otis Warren

Revolutionary-era writer who supported independence and later wrote histories promoting Republican values

Neolin

Delaware prophet who urged Native Americans to reject European influence and return to traditional ways

New Light Dissenters

Religious groups that broke away from established churches to emphasize emotional revival and personal faith

Noah Webster

Creator of the first American dictionary promoted American culture and education

Robert Fulton

Inventor of the first successful steamboat the Clermont which revolutionized river transportation

Samuel Slater

"Father of the American Industrial Revolution" brought British textile technology to the US

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival (early 1800s) encouraging reform movements and a personal relationship with God

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader who tried to unite Native tribes against US expansion

The Embargo

Another term for Jefferson's 1807 embargo which aimed to protect US ships but damaged the economy

The Prophet (Tenskwatawa)

Tecumseh's brother religious leader who urged Native resistance to American settlers

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Leader of the Haitian Revolution that overthrew French colonial rule inspired slave revolts elsewhere

War Hawks

Young congressmen (like Henry Clay and John C Calhoun) who pushed for war with Britain in 1812

War of 1812

Conflict between the US and Britain over trade restrictions and impressment ended in a stalemate but boosted nationalism

Washington Irving

Early American author known for The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana Territory defeated Native forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe and later became president

Adams-Onís Treaty

Treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the US and set the western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase

American System

Henry Clay's plan for national economic growth protective tariffs a national bank and internal improvements

Francis Cabot Lowell

Created the first integrated textile mill and introduced the factory system to America

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court case that ruled only Congress can regulate interstate commerce

Henry Clay

Congressman who promoted the American System and negotiated the Missouri Compromise

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State and later president helped write the Monroe Doctrine and negotiated the Adams-Onís Treaty

McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of the national bank and strengthening federal power

Missouri Compromise

Allowed Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state banned slavery north of 36°30′

Monroe Doctrine

Policy declaring the Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization and interference

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's region or section of the country rather than the nation as a whole

Seminole War

Conflict in Spanish Florida where Andrew Jackson invaded to stop Seminole raids and runaway slaves

Sequoyah

Cherokee scholar who created the Cherokee written language

Stephen H. Long

Explorer who mapped the Great Plains and called it the "Great American Desert"

Tallmadge Amendment

Proposal to ban new slavery in Missouri sparked fierce sectional debate

Transportation Improvements

Building of roads canals and railroads that boosted trade and national unity

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court case ruling that Georgia laws had no authority over Cherokee lands