In Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether the Fourteenth Amendment requires states to license a marriage between two people of the same sex and to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed out-of-state. The plaintiffs argued that the states' bans on same-sex marriage and refusal to recognize legal marriages performed in other jurisdictions violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantees of equal protection and due process. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the right to marry is a fundamental right inherent in the liberty of the person, and under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment, same-sex couples may not be deprived of that right and liberty. Compare Obergefell v. Hodges to Brown v. Board of Education.
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A movement targets the states first
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
A state refuses a federal education initiative
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Executive Order and State Resistance
Use the scenario to answer the parts that follow.
Federalism and National Policy Implementation
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which federalism promotes or undermines effective policymaking in the United States.
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States
Using the case of Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, compare the Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in United States v. Lopez.
National Authority vs. State Autonomy in Election Administration
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should have greater authority than state governments over the administration of elections.
National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius
Using the information provided, compare National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius to United States v. Lopez.
National Government Power vs. State Autonomy
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of national government power has advanced or undermined constitutional principles in the United States.
National Institutions and Policy Effectiveness
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the structure of U.S. national institutions promotes or hinders effective policymaking.
National Power and Federalism
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of national power promotes or undermines effective American government.
Presidential Executive Order Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Military Action Debate
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Printz v. United States
Using the information in the passage, compare Printz v. United States to McCulloch v. Maryland.
State abortion restrictions
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
State attorney general challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part in complete sentences and use specific details from the scenario.
State Attorney General Challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
State attorney general challenges federal education policy
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
State Attorney General Lawsuit
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State Climate Pact
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State emissions challenge
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State Environmental Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State immigration challenge
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
State Immigration Suit
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
State lawsuit over environmental regulation
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the scenario and your knowledge of AP United States Government and Politics.
State Lawsuit Over Immigration Order
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
State Marijuana Conflict
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
State Marijuana Legalization Conflict
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
A committee chair and defense policy oversight
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
A president governs with the opposition controlling Congress
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
A senator delays a voting rights bill
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Agency Rule Challenge
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Agenda Control in the Senate
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Bureaucratic Accountability and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal bureaucracy promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Bureaucratic Accountability and Presidential Control
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which increased presidential control of the federal bureaucracy promotes or undermines democratic accountability.
Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.
Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States government.
Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.
Bureaucratic discretion during disaster relief
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal bureaucracy promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking and Interest Groups
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Bureaucratic rulemaking and oversight
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using relevant evidence from the situation described.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking Challenge
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part with specific reference to the situation described.
Bureaucratic rulemaking fight
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Bureaucratic Rulemaking Fight
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Civil rights complaint over district lines
Use the scenario to answer the following questions.
Committee bottleneck
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Committee hearing after an agency failure
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.
Committee Hearing and Bureaucratic Oversight
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Committee Hearing and Oversight Clash
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Committee Hearing Pressure
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Committee investigation dispute
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Confirmation Clash
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Congressional Budget Standoff
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Congressional Oversight Hearing
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Court Limits Agency Action
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.
Divided Government and Budget Negotiations
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Divided Government Budget Clash
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Executive Order and Bureaucracy
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Executive Order and Bureaucracy
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Federal Bureaucracy Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal bureaucracy promotes or undermines democratic accountability.
Federal Spending by Category, Fiscal Year 2022
The table below shows major categories of United States federal government outlays in fiscal year 2022. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
House Committee Agenda Control
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
House Committee Oversight Investigation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
House District Mapping Dispute
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
House Leadership and Committee Gatekeeping
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Independent redistricting changes representation
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Judicial Nomination Conflict
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which judicial review promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which judicial review promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which judicial review promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review strengthens or weakens democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which judicial review promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Accountability
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Governance
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.
Judicial Review and Democratic Government
Develop an argument that takes a position on whether the power of judicial review strengthens or weakens American democracy.
Judicial Review and Democratic Government
Develop an argument that takes a position on whether the power of judicial review strengthens or weakens American democracy.
Party Polarization and Redistricting
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Party Polarization in Congress
The table below shows ideological scores for the median Democrat and median Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives in selected years. Higher positive scores indicate greater conservatism, and lower negative scores indicate greater liberalism. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Party Polarization in Congressional Voting
The table below shows ideological differences in congressional voting by party in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Presidential Approval and Mandate Claims
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Presidential Approval and Midterm Seat Change
The table below shows presidential job approval ratings shortly before midterm elections and the president’s party’s net change in U.S. House seats in those elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Presidential Approval and the Bully Pulpit
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Climate Order
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Tie each response to the constitutional and institutional details in the prompt.
Presidential directive and judicial review
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Presidential Executive Order Challenge
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Executive Order Challenge
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Executive Order Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Messaging
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Presidential Recognition of a Foreign Government
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Response to Economic Downturn
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Presidential Signing Statement
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Signing Statement
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Signing Statement
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Presidential Signing Statement and the Courts
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Presidential signing statement dispute
Use the scenario to answer the following parts.
Presidential Signing Statement Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Presidential student debt action
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Presidential Use of Vetoes, 1977–2023
The table below contains data on regular vetoes and veto overrides during selected presidential administrations. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Primary Challenge Campaign
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Primary Challenge to an Incumbent
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Redistricting Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Redistricting fight after the census
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.
Representation in the House and Population per Representative
The table below shows the population and number of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives for selected states after the 2020 reapportionment. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Representation of Women in Congress
The table below shows the number of women serving in the U.S. Congress in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Senate Confirmation and Ideological Balance
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Delay on a Judicial Nomination
Use the scenario to answer the parts that follow.
Senate delay on judicial nominee
Use the scenario to answer the following questions.
Senate Delay on Judicial Nominee
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Senate Delay on Judicial Nominee
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Be sure to apply your answers directly to the institutions and events described.
Senate Filibuster and Judicial Confirmation
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Senate Filibuster and Voting Rights Bill
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Filibuster Conflict
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Senate Filibuster Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Filibuster Fight
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Senate Filibuster on Voting Legislation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Filibuster on Voting Legislation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate floor delay
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Senate Gridlock on Judicial Nominations
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate minority blocks a voting bill
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Senate supermajority and a stalled bill
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Voting Rights Debate
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Voting Rights Stalemate
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Senate Voting Rights Stalemate
Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, connect the legislative conflict to congressional procedures and their consequences.
Senate Voting Rule and Legislation
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Senate Voting Standoff
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
State AG lawsuit over federal environmental rule
Use the scenario to answer the following questions about institutions and public policy.
State challenge to a federal immigration order
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State limits on partisan gerrymandering
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Supreme Court Cases Decided by Ideological Direction
The table below shows the number of Supreme Court cases decided in liberal and conservative directions in selected terms. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Supreme Court Decisions on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Cases, 2010–2022
The table below shows the number of Supreme Court merits decisions in selected terms involving civil liberties and civil rights. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Supreme Court Nomination Fight
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Voting Rule Challenge and Equal Protection
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
War Powers and Congressional Response
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
War Powers and Executive Action
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
War Powers and Military Action
Use the scenario to answer the parts that follow.
War Powers and Presidential Action
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
War Powers Conflict
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
War Powers Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.
War Powers Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
War powers dispute after military strikes
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.
War Powers Resolution Conflict
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
War Powers Resolution Dispute
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Whistleblower complaint and congressional inquiry
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Women in the U.S. Congress, 1991–2023
The table below shows the number of women serving in the United States Congress in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Advocacy Group Challenges State Speech Law
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Advocacy group presses for expanded gun rights
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.
Amicus Brief Campaign
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Balancing Individual Rights and National Security
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of individual civil liberties.
Balancing National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Using the information in the passage, compare Brandenburg v. Ohio to Schenck v. United States.
Campus Search Challenge
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Campus Speech Litigation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Civil liberties at school
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Civil Liberties in Schools
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Civil Rights March and Federal Legislation
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Your responses should connect political action to institutional outcomes.
Court Challenge to Search of Cell Phone
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Court strikes down a state firearm restriction
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
District of Columbia v. Heller
Using the case of District of Columbia v. Heller, compare the Supreme Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in McDonald v. Chicago.
Fourth Amendment and Digital Privacy
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Gun regulation and local enforcement
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Interest group litigation campaign
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Korematsu v. United States
Using the case of Korematsu v. United States, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
Mapp v. Ohio
Using the case of Mapp v. Ohio, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in Gideon v. Wainwright.
Mapp v. Ohio
Using the information in the provided case background, compare Mapp v. Ohio to Gideon v. Wainwright.
Mapp v. Ohio
Using the information in the passage, compare Mapp v. Ohio to Gideon v. Wainwright.
Morse v. Frederick
Using the case of Morse v. Frederick, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.
Morse v. Frederick
Using the case of Morse v. Frederick, compare the Supreme Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over civil liberties.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over civil liberties.
National Security and Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
National Security Leak Investigation
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
National Security vs. Civil Liberties
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.
Obergefell v. Hodges
Using the information in the case description, compare Obergefell v. Hodges to Roe v. Wade.
Online Speech Challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.
School Board Religious Display
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
School Prayer and Selective Incorporation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
School Prayer Social Media Case
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Selective Incorporation and Criminal Procedure
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Selective Incorporation and Student Speech
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Selective Incorporation and Student Speech
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Selective Incorporation Challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
State gun regulation challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
State Voting Rules and Equal Protection Challenge
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Student Journalists and Prior Restraint
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
Student speech dispute at a public school
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.
Texas v. Johnson
Using the case of Texas v. Johnson, compare the Supreme Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in Schenck v. United States.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Using the information in the case description, compare West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette to Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Using the case of West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.
Polling and campaign strategy
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Polling Shift Among Young Voters
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Presidential Approval by Party Identification, 2023
The table below shows public approval of the U.S. president among adults by party identification in 2023. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Public Opinion on Federal Government Responsibility for Health Insurance, 2008–2023
The table below shows selected polling results on whether the federal government is responsible for ensuring all Americans have health care coverage. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Public Trust in the Federal Government
The table below shows Americans’ reported trust in the federal government over time. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
A civil liberties group files suit over phone searches
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
A rights organization enters a court case
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Advocacy Group and the Courts
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
An agency, an industry, and a farm subsidy program
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Campaign advertising by an outside group
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Campaign Finance and Independent Spending
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Campaign Finance Regulation
Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which campaign finance regulation strengthens or weakens democratic representation in the United States.
Campaign Money and Independent Ads
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Campaign Spending and PAC Activity
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Campaign Spending by an Independent Group
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Campaign spending challenge
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Apply constitutional and campaign-finance concepts to the facts provided.
Electoral College battleground focus
Use the scenario to answer the following parts.
Electoral College Campaign Strategy
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Electoral College Strategy Shift
Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, apply concepts about elections, institutions, and political behavior.
Interest group campaign for a floor vote
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.
Interest group court strategy
Use the scenario to answer the following parts.
Interest Group Court Strategy
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Interest Group Court Strategy
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Interest Group Health Campaign
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Interest Group Lawsuit
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Interest Group Litigation Campaign
Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, apply concepts about political participation and linkage institutions.
Interest Group Litigation Campaign
Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.
Interest Group Litigation Strategy
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
Media Coverage and Public Knowledge
Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.
Media framing and presidential approval
Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.
National Convention Platform Dispute
Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.
National media and presidential agenda setting
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
National Party Convention Strategy
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
National Party Platform Conflict
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Nationalization of a Senate race
Use the scenario to answer the following questions.
Political Action Committee Spending
Use the scenario to answer all parts.
Political Parties and Democratic Representation
Develop an argument that takes a position on whether political parties strengthen or weaken democratic representation in the United States.
Presidential Approval and Congressional Seat Change, 1974–2022
The table below contains data on presidential job approval shortly before midterm elections and the number of U.S. House seats won or lost by the president’s party. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Presidential Primary Momentum
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Social Movement and Policy Agenda
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
State Voter ID Dispute
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.
Ticket Splitting in Senate and Presidential Elections
The table below shows the number of states in which voters chose one party for president and the other party for U.S. Senate in the same election year. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout by Age Group in U.S. Presidential Elections, 2008–2020
The table below shows reported voter turnout rates among U.S. citizens by age group in selected presidential election years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout by Age Group, 2016 and 2020
The table below presents voter turnout rates by age group in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections
The table below reports voter turnout rates by age group in recent presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections
The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections
The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in recent U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voter Turnout in Recent Presidential Elections
The table below shows voter turnout rates among selected demographic groups in U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.
Voting Rules Litigation
Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.
Youth voting coalition and digital mobilization
Use the scenario to answer all parts below.