Concept Application: Constitution - The Filibuster and Legislative Process

Concept Application: Constitution - The Filibuster and Legislative Process

In an effort to pass significant healthcare reform, a bill has been introduced in the Senate that promises to overhaul the current system. However, the bill faces strong opposition from a minority of senators who are determined to prevent its passage. Utilizing the Senate's unique rules, these senators engage in a filibuster, a prolonged debate intended to delay or block the vote on the bill. The majority party, eager to advance their legislative agenda, considers invoking the cloture rule, which requires a three-fifths majority to end debate and proceed to a vote.

The use of the filibuster and the potential invocation of cloture have sparked a debate about the democratic principles underlying the legislative process, the rights of the minority versus the will of the majority, and the Senate's role in shaping national policy.

Discuss the constitutional underpinnings of the Senate's legislative procedures, including the filibuster and cloture, and their impact on the balance of power within Congress.

Medium
3 Points

Part A

Using information from the passage, describe the enumerated power in the United States Constitution that allows the Senate to establish its own rules of procedure.

Your Response

Part B

Identify ONE reason why the founding fathers may have allowed the Senate to determine its own rules of procedure.

Your Response

Part C

Analyze the effects of the filibuster and cloture rule on the legislative process and the principle of majority rule.

Your Response

More AP United States Government and Politics Free Response Questions

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  • Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy (28)
  • Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Government (112)
  • Unit 3: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights (48)
  • Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs (8)
  • Unit 5: Political Participation (54)
Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy

A governor and a federal education rule

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

A movement targets the states first

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Extreme

Federal Power and State Autonomy

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which federal authority should be expanded or limited relative to state governments in addressing major public policy issues.

Hard

Federal vs. State Authority over Elections

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should have greater authority than state governments over the administration of elections.

Easy

National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius

Using the information provided, compare National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius to United States v. Lopez.

Easy

National Government Power and Individual Liberty

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of national government power strengthens or weakens the protection of individual liberty.

Medium

National Government Power vs. State Autonomy

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of national policymaking authority has strengthened or weakened American democracy.

Extreme

National Institutions and Policy Effectiveness

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the structure of U.S. national institutions promotes or hinders effective policymaking.

Easy

National Power and State Autonomy

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of federal power has strengthened or weakened American democracy.

Hard

National Power vs. State Autonomy

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the expansion of national power undermines or strengthens the constitutional system of federalism.

Extreme

Presidential Executive Order Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Printz v. United States

Using the information in the passage, compare Printz v. United States to McCulloch v. Maryland.

Hard

Printz v. United States

Using the information provided, compare Printz v. United States to McCulloch v. Maryland.

Easy

State Carbon Rule Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State challenge to a federal environmental rule

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

State Climate Pact

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

State emissions challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

State Environmental Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State Immigration Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

State Immigration Dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

State Immigration Enforcement

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Extreme

State Immigration Lawsuit

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

State lawsuit over education standards

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

State Marijuana Conflict

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State Marijuana Conflict

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

State Marijuana Conflict

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State marijuana enforcement conflict

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

United States v. Morrison

Using the information in the passage, compare United States v. Morrison to United States v. Lopez.

Extreme
Unit 2: Interactions Among Branches of Government

A committee chair and agency work together

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Extreme

A nominee faces intense Senate scrutiny

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Extreme

A senator delays a voting rights bill

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Extreme

A senator uses floor rules on a climate bill

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Administrative Rulemaking Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Agency Climate Rule

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Agency, contractors, and congressional allies

Use the scenario to answer the following questions.

Extreme

Agenda Control in the Senate

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Budget Standoff and Divided Government

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Bureaucratic Accountability and Presidential Control

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which increased presidential control of the federal bureaucracy promotes or undermines democratic accountability.

Medium

Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.

Hard

Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States.

Extreme

Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.

Extreme

Bureaucratic Discretion and Democratic Accountability

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which bureaucratic discretion promotes or undermines democratic accountability in the United States political system.

Easy

Bureaucratic discretion during disaster relief

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

Bureaucratic Rulemaking and Environmental Regulation

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Bureaucratic Rulemaking and Interest Groups

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Bureaucratic Rulemaking and Interest Groups

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Bureaucratic rulemaking and oversight

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using relevant evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Bureaucratic rulemaking challenge

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Bureaucratic Rulemaking Challenge

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Bureaucratic rulemaking conflict

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Easy

Bureaucratic Rulemaking Conflict

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Bureaucratic Rulemaking Dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Hard

Civil Service Dismissals

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Extreme

Committee Bargaining

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Committee Bottleneck in Congress

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Committee hearing after an agency failure

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Committee pressure on an agency

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Easy

Confirmation Clash

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Congressional Incumbency Advantage in House Elections

The table below reports reelection rates for incumbents in recent U.S. House elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Hard

Congressional Oversight Hearing

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Easy

Divided Government and the Budget

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Divided Government Budget Clash

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Divided government shutdown threat

Use the scenario to answer the following parts.

Easy

Executive Order and Bureaucracy

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Executive Order Use in Policymaking

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the use of executive orders strengthens or weakens American constitutional government.

Medium

Federal Spending by Category, Fiscal Year 2022

The table below shows major categories of United States federal government outlays in fiscal year 2022. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Federal Spending Priorities and the Policy Agenda

The table below shows selected categories of federal outlays in two fiscal years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Filibuster and Voting Rights Bill

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

House Committee and Agency Oversight

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Extreme

House District Mapping Dispute

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

House redistricting dispute

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Ideological Divisions in the Supreme Court

The table below shows the percentage of Supreme Court decisions decided by a 5–4 vote in selected terms. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Judicial Review and Democratic Governance

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.

Extreme

Judicial Review and Democratic Governance

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.

Easy

Judicial Review and Democratic Governance

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the power of judicial review promotes or undermines democratic governance in the United States.

Extreme

Judicial Review and Democratic Government

Develop an argument that takes a position on whether the power of judicial review strengthens or weakens American democracy.

Hard

National emergency and immigration funding

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Partisan Gerrymandering Challenge

Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, connect the events to representative institutions and electoral incentives.

Extreme

Party Control of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1994–2022

The table below shows the number of seats held by each major party in the U.S. House of Representatives after selected elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Party Polarization in Congress

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Party Polarization in Congressional Voting

The table below shows DW-NOMINATE ideological scores for the median member of each party in the U.S. House of Representatives in selected Congresses. Scores farther apart indicate greater polarization. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

President faces conflict over war powers

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Hard

Presidential Agreement Abroad

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential Approval and Midterm Seat Change

The table below shows presidential job approval ratings shortly before midterm elections and the president’s party’s net change in U.S. House seats in those elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Presidential Approval and the Bully Pulpit

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential Approval Ratings at Selected Points, 1953–2024

The table below presents Gallup presidential job approval ratings for selected presidents at approximately the start of their administrations and near the end of their administrations. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Presidential Climate Order

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Tie each response to the constitutional and institutional details in the prompt.

Extreme

Presidential Executive Order Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential Executive Order Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Presidential Executive Order Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential Executive Orders and Constitutional Government

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the use of presidential executive orders promotes or undermines constitutional government in the United States.

Easy

Presidential Immigration Order

Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, connect the events to powers of the branches and likely institutional responses.

Extreme

Presidential Messaging Campaign

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Presidential Messaging Strategy

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Presidential Military Action

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Easy

Presidential Popularity and Mandate

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential Recess Appointment Debate

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Hard

Presidential Signing Statement

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Presidential signing statement dispute

Use the scenario to answer the following parts.

Easy

Presidential signing statement dispute

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Primary Upset Challenge

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Racial Gerrymandering Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Redistricting After Census Growth

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Easy

Redistricting after the census

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Extreme

Redistricting and Representation

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

Redistricting Backlash

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Redistricting Dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Extreme

Redistricting Fight After the Census

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Representation in the House and Population per Representative

The table below shows the population and number of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives for selected states after the 2020 reapportionment. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Representation of Women in Congress

The table below shows the number of women serving in the U.S. Congress in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Senate blockade of judicial nominee

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part in complete sentences and use specific details from the scenario.

Easy

Senate blockade of judicial nominees

Use the scenario to answer the following questions about political institutions and policymaking.

Extreme

Senate Confirmation and Ideological Balance

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Senate Confirmation Fight

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Senate delay on a voting rights bill

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

Senate delay on judicial nominee

Use the scenario to answer the following questions.

Extreme

Senate Delay on Judicial Nominee

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Be sure to apply your answers directly to the institutions and events described.

Extreme

Senate Filibuster Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Senate Filibuster Fight

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Senate Filibuster on Voting Legislation

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Senate Filibuster Showdown

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Senate floor delay

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Senate judicial confirmation

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Easy

Senate minority blocks a voting bill

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Hard

Senate Voting Rights Debate

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

State challenge to a federal immigration order

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Supreme Court Decisions by Ideological Direction

The table below summarizes the ideological direction of selected Supreme Court decisions in a recent term. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Hard

Supreme Court Decisions on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

The table below summarizes selected Supreme Court decisions connected to civil liberties and civil rights. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Hard

Supreme Court Decisions on Civil Liberties and Civil Rights Cases, 2010–2022

The table below reports the number of Supreme Court merits decisions in selected terms involving civil liberties and civil rights issue areas. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Supreme Court Decisions on the Merits

The table below shows the number of signed opinions and the percentage of unanimous decisions in selected Supreme Court terms. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Supreme Court Nomination Conflict

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Supreme Court Nomination Fight

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Supreme Court Nomination Standoff

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

War Powers and Military Action

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

War Powers Conflict

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

War powers dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using relevant evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

War Powers Dispute

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

War Powers Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

War Powers Dispute

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

War Powers Resolution Dispute

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy
Unit 3: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

Advocacy group presses for expanded gun rights

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.

Extreme

Amicus Brief Campaign

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Bethel School District v. Fraser

Using the information in the passage, compare Bethel School District v. Fraser to Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.

Extreme

Brandenburg v. Ohio

Using the information in the passage, compare Brandenburg v. Ohio to Schenck v. United States.

Hard

Campus Search Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Campus Speech Appeal

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah

Using the case of Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in Wisconsin v. Yoder.

Extreme

Civil Liberties and School Discipline

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Court strikes down a state firearm restriction

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Hard

Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization

Using the case of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, compare the Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in Roe v. Wade.

Hard

Fourth Amendment and Digital Privacy

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Gregg v. Georgia

Using the excerpt above, respond to parts (a), (b), and (c). In your response, compare Gregg v. Georgia to Roe v. Wade.

Hard

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

Using the information in the passage, compare Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier to Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.

Extreme

Interest Group Litigation Against State Gun Law

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Interest group litigation campaign

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Easy

Mapp v. Ohio

Using the information in the passage, compare Mapp v. Ohio to Gideon v. Wainwright.

Hard

Morse v. Frederick

Using the case of Morse v. Frederick, compare the Supreme Court’s reasoning in that case with the reasoning in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.

Easy

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Easy

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Easy

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Hard

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Medium

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Hard

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Hard

National Security and Civil Liberties

Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which the federal government should prioritize national security over the protection of civil liberties.

Medium

Near v. Minnesota

Using the case of Near v. Minnesota, compare the Supreme Court’s decision in this case with the Supreme Court’s decision in New York Times Co. v. United States.

Extreme

Online Speech Challenge

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Easy

Online Speech Challenge

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.

Extreme

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Using the information in the provided case background, compare Regents of the University of California v. Bakke to Brown v. Board of Education.

Easy

Religious Liberty Claim

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Rights claim after a school discipline policy

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Easy

School Board Speech Dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, connect the events described to relevant constitutional principles and political processes.

Extreme

School Prayer and Selective Incorporation

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

School Prayer Lawsuit

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

School Prayer Lawsuit

Use the scenario to answer the parts that follow.

Easy

Search of Cell Phone During Arrest

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Easy

Selective incorporation and student speech

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using relevant evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Selective Incorporation and Student Speech

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Selective Incorporation and Student Speech

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Extreme

Social Media Platform and Political Speech

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Extreme

Speech on a Public Campus

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Hard

State Gun Permit Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State Voting Rules and Equal Protection Challenge

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Student speech and school discipline

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific information from the scenario and your knowledge of U.S. government and politics.

Extreme

Student Speech Dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Extreme

Student speech dispute at a public school

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Voter ID Litigation and Equal Protection

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette

Using the information provided, compare West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette to Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.

Easy

West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette

Using the information in the case description, compare West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette to Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District.

Extreme
Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs

Media and Public Opinion on Health Policy

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Party Identification and Ideological Groups, 2023

The table below presents national survey data on party identification among ideological groups in the United States in 2023. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Polling Shift Among Young Voters

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Easy

Presidential Approval and Unified Government, 1998–2022

The table below shows presidential job approval ratings and whether the federal government was unified or divided in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Presidential Approval by Party Identification

The table below shows presidential job approval among Americans by party identification in selected years. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Presidential Approval Ratings by Party Identification

The table below shows presidential job approval ratings by party identification in a recent national survey. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Hard

Public Opinion on Federal Government Responsibility for Health Insurance, 2008–2023

The table below shows selected polling results on whether the federal government is responsible for ensuring all Americans have health care coverage. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Public Trust in the Federal Government

The table below shows survey results on public trust in the federal government at selected times. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy
Unit 5: Political Participation

A rights organization enters a court case

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Hard

Campaign Finance and Independent Spending

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Campaign Finance Independent Spending

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Campaign Spending and Independent Expenditures

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Hard

Campaign Spending and Independent Expenditures

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Campaign Spending and PAC Activity

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Campaign Spending by an Independent Group

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Committee and Farm Subsidies

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Your answers should apply course concepts to the specific policymaking relationships described.

Extreme

Electoral College and Campaign Strategy

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Extreme

Electoral College Strategy Shift

Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, apply concepts about elections, institutions, and political behavior.

Extreme

Independent expenditure campaign

Use the scenario to answer the following parts.

Easy

Interest group court strategy

Use the scenario to answer the following parts.

Easy

Interest Group Court Strategy

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Interest group litigation

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to Parts A, B, and C using relevant evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Interest Group Litigation Campaign

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation described.

Extreme

Interest Group Litigation Campaign

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Interest Group Litigation Strategy

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Easy

Interest Group Lobbying Expenditures by Sector

The table below shows lobbying expenditures by selected sectors in a recent year. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Interest Group Strategy on Health Policy

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Interest groups and committee influence

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Extreme

Interest Groups and EPA Rulemaking

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Investigative Journalism and Polling

Use the scenario to answer parts A, B, and C.

Easy

Iron Triangle and Farm Subsidies

Use the scenario to answer all parts. In your response, apply concepts about political participation, policymaking, and institutions.

Extreme

Judicial Nomination and Interest Groups

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Mandatory Voting and Civic Participation

Develop an argument that takes a position on whether the United States should adopt policies requiring or strongly compelling citizens to vote in national elections.

Hard

Media coverage and presidential approval

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part using specific evidence from the situation.

Extreme

Media Coverage and Public Knowledge

Use the scenario to answer the three parts that follow.

Hard

Media Framing and Agenda Setting

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Hard

Media Framing and Presidential Approval

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

Media Framing and Presidential Approval

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Hard

Media framing of a Supreme Court nomination

Use the scenario to answer all parts that follow.

Easy

Motor Voter Registration

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

National Advocacy Group’s Court Strategy

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Easy

National media and presidential agenda setting

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Easy

National Party Convention Rule Dispute

Use the scenario to answer the parts that follow.

Easy

National party platform dispute

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Respond to each part in complete sentences and use specific details from the scenario.

Easy

National Popular Vote and Electoral Vote in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below compares the Democratic and Republican shares of the national popular vote and Electoral College vote in selected presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

National Primary Surge

Use the scenario to answer all parts.

Extreme

PAC spending reshapes a House race

Use the scenario to answer all parts below.

Hard

Party coalition fracture

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Extreme

State Abortion Ban Challenge

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy

State voter ID law challenged in court

Use the scenario to answer the following questions.

Easy

Ticket Splitting in Senate and Presidential Elections

The table below shows the number of states in which voters chose one party for president and the other party for U.S. Senate in the same election year. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout by Age Group in U.S. Presidential Elections, 2008–2020

The table below shows voter turnout rates among U.S. citizens by age group in presidential elections from 2008 to 2020. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout by Age Group in U.S. Presidential Elections, 2012–2020

The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in recent U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout by Age Group, 2012–2020

The table below presents voter turnout rates for selected age groups in U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in recent U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Extreme

Voter Turnout by Age in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below shows voter turnout rates by age group in recent U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout by Age in U.S. Presidential Elections, 2012–2020

The table below shows reported voter turnout rates by age group in recent U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Hard

Voter Turnout in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below shows voter turnout rates among selected demographic groups in U.S. presidential elections. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voter Turnout in Recent Presidential Elections

The table below shows voter turnout rates in recent U.S. presidential elections by age group. Use the data in the table to respond to the following.

Easy

Voting rights mobilization

Use the scenario to answer all parts. Apply the facts to relevant concepts from AP U.S. Government and Politics.

Hard

Voting Rules Litigation

Use the scenario to answer Parts A, B, and C.

Easy